AMERICA’S BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES: MODELS OF EXCELLENCE AND CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION HEARING HELD IN WASHINGTON, DC, MARCH 13, 2008 Serial No. 110–83 Printed for the use of the Committee on Education and Labor ( Available on the Internet: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/house/education/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 41–042 PDF WASHINGTON : 2008 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 09:43 Aug 18, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 G:\DOCS\110TH\FC\110-83\41042.TXT HBUD1 PsN: DICK COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR GEORGE MILLER, California, Chairman Dale E. Kildee, Michigan, Vice Chairman Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon, California, Donald M. Payne, New Jersey Senior Republican Member Robert E. Andrews, New Jersey Thomas E. Petri, Wisconsin Robert C. ‘‘Bobby’’ Scott, Virginia Peter Hoekstra, Michigan Lynn C. Woolsey, California Michael N. Castle, Delaware Rube´n Hinojosa, Texas Mark E. Souder, Indiana Carolyn McCarthy, New York Vernon J. Ehlers, Michigan John F. Tierney, Massachusetts Judy Biggert, Illinois Dennis J. Kucinich, Ohio Todd Russell Platts, Pennsylvania David Wu, Oregon Ric Keller, Florida Rush D. Holt, New Jersey Joe Wilson, South Carolina Susan A. Davis, California John Kline, Minnesota Danny K. Davis, Illinois Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Washington Rau´ l M. Grijalva, Arizona Kenny Marchant, Texas Timothy H. Bishop, New York Tom Price, Georgia Linda T. Sa´nchez, California Luis G. Fortun˜ o, Puerto Rico John P. Sarbanes, Maryland Charles W. Boustany, Jr., Louisiana Joe Sestak, Pennsylvania Virginia Foxx, North Carolina David Loebsack, Iowa John R. ‘‘Randy’’ Kuhl, Jr., New York Mazie Hirono, Hawaii Rob Bishop, Utah Jason Altmire, Pennsylvania David Davis, Tennessee John A. Yarmuth, Kentucky Timothy Walberg, Michigan Phil Hare, Illinois [Vacancy] Yvette D. Clarke, New York Joe Courtney, Connecticut Carol Shea-Porter, New Hampshire Mark Zuckerman, Staff Director Vic Klatt, Minority Staff Director (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 09:43 Aug 18, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\DOCS\110TH\FC\110-83\41042.TXT HBUD1 PsN: DICK CONTENTS Page Hearing held on March 13, 2008 ............................................................................ 1 Statement of Members: Altmire, Hon. Jason, a Representative in Congress from the State of Pennsylvania, prepared statement of .......................................................... 52 McKeon, Hon. Howard P. ‘‘Buck,’’ Senior Republican Member, Committee on Education and Labor ............................................................................... 5 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 6 Miller, Hon. George, Chairman, Committee on Education and Labor ......... 1 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 4 Statement of Witnesses: O’Leary, Hazel, president, Fisk University .................................................... 10 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 11 Pierce, Raymond C., dean and professor of law, North Carolina Central University School of Law ............................................................................. 31 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 33 Additional submissions: Report prepared for the National Associational for Equal Oppor- tunity in Higher Education ............................................................ 36 Citation: The NAFEO 33rd Annual National Conference on Blacks in Higher Education report ............................................... 39 Richardson, Dr. Earl S., president, Morgan State University ...................... 25 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 27 Questions and responses submitted for the record ................................. 52 Sias, Mary Evans, Ph.D., president, Kentucky State University ................. 21 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 23 Yancy, Dr. Dorothy Cowser, president, Johnson C. Smith University ........ 14 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 17 Questions and responses submitted for the record ................................. 55 (III) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 09:43 Aug 18, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\DOCS\110TH\FC\110-83\41042.TXT HBUD1 PsN: DICK VerDate 0ct 09 2002 09:43 Aug 18, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\DOCS\110TH\FC\110-83\41042.TXT HBUD1 PsN: DICK AMERICA’S BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES: MODELS OF EXCELLENCE AND CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE Thursday, March 13, 2008 U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor Washington, DC The committee met, pursuant to call, at 10:04 a.m., in room 2175, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. George Miller [chair- man of the committee] presiding. Present: Representatives Miller, Kildee, Payne, Andrews, Scott, Hinojosa, McCarthy, Kucinich, Wu, Davis of California, Davis of Il- linois, Bishop of New York, Sarbanes, Yarmuth, Hare, Clarke, McKeon, Petri, Ehlers, Keller, and Walberg. Staff present: Tylease Alli, Hearing Clerk; Fran-Victoria Cox, Staff Attorney; Denise Forte, Director of Education Policy; Gabriella Gomez, Senior Education Policy Advisor (Higher Edu- cation); David Hartzler, Systems Administrator; Lloyd Horwich, Policy Advisor for Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education; Lamont Ivey, Staff Assistant, Education; Ann-Frances Lambert, Administrative Assistant to Director of Edu- cation Policy; Danielle Lee, Press/Outreach Assistant; Ricardo Mar- tinez, Policy Advisor for Subcommittee on Higher Education, Life- long Learning and Competitiveness; Stephanie Moore, General Counsel; Alex Nock, Deputy Staff Director; Joe Novotny, Chief Clerk; Rachel Racusen, Deputy Communications Director; Julie Radocchia, Education Policy Advisor; Dray Thorne, Senior Systems Administrator; Margaret Young, Staff Assistant, Education; Mark Zuckerman, Staff Director; Stephanie Arras, Minority Legislative Assistant; James Bergeron, Minority Deputy Director of Education and Human Services Policy; Robert Borden, Minority General Counsel; Amy Raaf Jones, Minority Professional Staff Member; Alexa Marrero, Minority Communications Director; Susan Ross, Minority Director of Education and Human Resources Policy; and Linda Stevens, Minority Chief Clerk/Assistant to the General Counsel. Chairman MILLER [presiding]. Good morning and welcome. The Committee on Education and Labor will come together for the pur- pose of conducting a hearing on America’s Black Colleges and Uni- versities: Models of Excellence and Challenges for the Future. Just one second. I am trying to learn what our schedule is. We have a vote? (1) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 09:43 Aug 18, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 G:\DOCS\110TH\FC\110-83\41042.TXT HBUD1 PsN: DICK 2 We have had a ceremony in the Rotunda, a moment of remem- brance, for the fifth anniversary of the hostilities in Iraq and Af- ghanistan, and so more members will be coming. I think it is best that we get started because we also have had some fairly conten- tious days on the floor of the House of Representatives over the last couple of days. So we will try to weave all of this in with our schedule. But thank you so much in advance for being here today and for the testimony that we will receive. One of the primary focuses of this committee has been to make college more affordable and accessible so that every qualified stu- dent has the opportunity to go to college. We began last year by enacting a $20 billion increase in additional federal college aid over the next 5 years. In addition to providing low-and middle-income students with much-needed financial relief to help pay for college, this new law also makes historic investments of more than a half-billion dollars in historically black colleges and universities and Hispanic-serving institutions and other minority-serving schools. HBCUs provide critical higher education opportunities for Afri- can-American, low-income, and educationally disadvantaged Ameri- cans. Historically, historically black colleges and universities have played an especially significant role in opening the doors of college to African-American students. During times of slavery and segrega- tion, the HBCUs were the only institutions that would admit Afri- can-American students. Today, these colleges and universities are playing an increasing role in helping students succeed in college and strengthening our workforce and our economy. The National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education released a new report just today showing the significant strides that black colleges are making to in- crease access to higher education and to boost our nation’s global competitiveness. In 1994, slightly fewer than one million African-American stu- dents were enrolled in either 2-year or 4-year undergraduate insti- tutions, making up just over 9 percent of all college students. By 2004, the number