Rwtl Sq62g1 Thomas Erastus and the Palatinate A Renaissance Physician in the Second Reformation Bl Charles D. Gunnoe, Jr. BRILL LEIDEN . BOSTON 201l CONTENTS Acknowledgements .. ... .... ..' .. .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. xr Abbreviations .. .. .. Introduction I Sources 4 Names 5 Chapter One. Prologue 7 The Palatinate before Erastus . ... .. .. .. 7 Origins and Strì.Ìcírre of the Palatinate.......... ................ 7 Ludwig V and Frederick IL.. .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... 14 Ottheinrich . ............ 18 XrastusbeforethePaÌatinate........................................20 Origins aad Early Education . ... ... .. ... ... .. .. ... ... .. 20 Education in Zu ch and Basel .................................. 31 Erastus in ltaly ........................ 36 Henneberg and the Controversy over Astrology . 42 PART I THE ARRIVAL OF THE RBFORMED F.{ITH IN THE PALATINATE Chapter Two. Early Batdes: Reformed Protestantism's Arrival in the PaÌatinate 5l The Confessional Situation in the Holy Roman Empire ... ... ... 53 The Situation at the University ofHeidelberg... 56 The Heidelberg I ord\ Supper Controverry . .... 63 Acl r : Slephin Sylviu<\ Promotion................ 63 Act z: Frederick III and the Heshusius/Klebitz Afair . .. ... .. 64 The Heideìberg Lord's Supper Disputation (1560) and its Aftermalh .............. 70 Chapter Three. The Lord's Supper in Theory and Practice ........... 85 The Grúndtlicher Beríchr. .. ... .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... ... .. 85 Das Búchlein von Brotbrechen . 101 CONTENTS lF*- coNrENrs Ch+ter Four. Tlìe tpiphdny: ftìe Heidelberg catechism ............ 105 PA.RT III xreLomposrrronof rhe HeidelbergCarerhism.................... The Heidelberg.arechi\m! IO7 NEW SCHOLARLY DII{ECTIONS AFTER 1570 Doctr;e or the Lord\ supper ....... I22 Conclusion: Erastus\ Role in rhe Catechismt Cre"d";'........ _.. ir; Chapter Eighl. AnÙparacehi(d. ........ 263 PART II The Historical Background oflrastus's Opposition to Paracelsus 264 Anlr-Pancelsianism before Erastus .. ..... .... 270 CHURCH DISCIPLINE AND THE DISTRUCTION OF OporinLts. ... 270 THE REFORMED CONSENSUS IN HEIDELBERG Johannes Konrad Gessner....,,,. 273 tohann Weyer ..... 277 Chapter Five. The Reformed Confessjon in to Refute Paracelsus 279 storm and Stress.. .. _ .. r35 Erashrsì Decision Furthe. Consolidation of the palatine P Reformed Ch"..h......... 137 DiEutatíons ofl the New Metlicine of hìlip Paracelsas ............ 286 lle Palatine Confession under Anack: The Maulbronn Colloquy 139 Erastust Reconstruction of the Historical Paraceìsus ............. 292 Iconoclasm in the palatinate. _ . 146 r. Images of Paracelsus i n De medícina flo1,a . 292 TheDiel ofAugsburgr jrOorr"a Crato vor Kratrtheim: Paracelsus fr"en"rtlì"rf,.. .. .. .. 148 Johannes in Moravia and T1ìe Interndrional Scene \4enna ,.. ,... .. ,... ,.. , . 150 294 Ambe.g and rrastust Ati.n"tion Heinrich Bullinger: Paracelsus in Zurich... ... f.o; òì.;;;u. ... .. ... ... 297 Erd\rus\ .. 15r Dialogue wirh takob St hegk .... Geory Vetter: A Companion of Paracelsus ................... 298 rne ur\mrs\al 155 ol Joharne. Brunner....., Markus Recklau: Paracelsus in Upper . 158 Bavaria .. .. .. .... .. 300 B efAccounts.......... 302 ChrPler six.,The HeidelbergChurch 2. Erastus's Pamcelsian Library . DisciptineControvercy........ 163 .. ... .. ... .... .. 306 Reformed Tlìeories of Ch urch Erastus's Rejection of Paracelsus's DisciDt i"; 164 Religio-Philosophical ceorsr-wirhers Worìdview. rnd rhe o",b,""k ;i ;;..;ì;;"",;;..... .. .. .. 309 tne .. .. t73 t xpL(atio pravissmae auaertiÒn. Creation . ... .. qtrife t77 310 in Heidelbergarìd Adamt e.y."d ...-...... t92 FÌesh and the Resurrection ofthe Bodv.. 315 trdstns\ Rejection or Chemical phaona,ology: óe aurc porabili 322 Chapter Sever The Medi(ine as purcuir Watershed .. ... _ ... _ . an tmpiflcal ...... 322 The Ramus Epi,ode 2tI .... _. Medicine and Nutririon 324 The 212 Herdelberg Ant it rinildrtJns Metaìlic The.apy ... .. 218 325 Con.isroridl Dicciptine The lmpact paracelsian E"r"bli,hed ......_ 22i of Erastust Anti Witings 327 Rrmn^ Conclusion ......-. 229 333 Resolul ion ol I he Ant ilr,"f r*l- a1i,f , .......... :. ........... ... 234 LingeringHostilitiesìntheReformed Chapter Nine. Community...._........... Concerning Witches: Erastust Debate with Johann The 237 Pigalena tnque<I... Weyer. .. .. .. ... 242 339 u,r xxcommunrcatron of F.rishrc BrLk8lound 339 Erastus and Johann Unmasftng t he Controver.y...................... JakoU C.y"""o. .. .. 256 3M Conclusion Erastus's Conception of Magic 260 and Witchcraft.. 352 The Powers of Darkness 358 The Punishment ofwitches ... ... .. ... .. ... .. 364 Conclusion 370 x Chapt€r T€n. Epiìogue and Conclusion ......... _. .................... 37 5 The Lutheran Retorarion ofLudwig VI (r. r576 r5sj)........... J75 Erashrs\ Lrst Years Basel in r58o r 58J............................ JBo Lrdstran Legacies....... ................... J85 Presb)'terianism Triumphant .. _ .... .. ... .... ...... ... ... _ .... ... ... 387 ai"J"":- Exptkatio :".:Tî Bmvi,simae quaestionts.. 3BB lhe Netherlands: Erastians.""dthe Libertine<.dnd Arminian\........... J94 I he Reception of Erastus in Engìand............................... LransiormahonolErastianrqm..,,....,,,,...,....,,..,......,..,,,4(JtlJ9ó conclusion . _ ... .. .... ................... 410 Appendix A. Faculty Rosters from the University of Heidelberg . 41 9 Apperrdir B. Lr,cerprs from Erastuss Correpond.n." .on..rnÉg Pardcetsus. Translated by Charles Cunnoe and lole Shackelto;d, University of Minnesota Correspondence Register... .... ... ... .. .. .... ... ... ... .. ... .... .... 439 Bibliography lndex.