Perimeter Security Michael J. Arata, Jr. McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-158916-3 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-146028-4. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trade- marked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. 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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thank you Victoria Roberts of Lone Wolf Enterprises for the excellent, expert job you did in editing and guidance; without it this project would not have been possible. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Michael Arata has over 15 years of security experience that includes positions from manager to vice president and consultant. He has developed and managed successful security programs from the ground up for several large organizations including the Director of Corporate Security for a major West Coast construc- tion company. He holds a master’s degree in Public Administration, a B.A. in Business/Pub- lic Administration, and a B.S. in Safety and Fire Protection Technology. He has attended numerous seminars and training programs relating to security and holds CISSP, CPP, CFE and ACLM, professional certifications. He has spoken at various professional organization seminars on the subject of security and written articles about security for trade publications. He has guest lectured at the Oklahoma State University and the University of California, Berkeley on safety and security related subjects. He is an adjunct instructor of Criminal Justice at a local college. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. For more information about this title, click here Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 Berms and Ditches . 59 CHAPTER 2 THREAT ASSESSMENT AND RISK ANALYSIS Design Considerations for Protective Barriers . 59 BASICS . 5 Conclusion . 60 How to Do a Threat Assessment . 6 CHAPTER 5 SECURITY LIGHTING . 61 Identify the Risks . 7 Foot-Candle Power . 63 Analyze the Risk for Probability of Occurrence . 8 Categories of Security Lighting . 63 Calculating the Cost of a Loss . 10 Types of Lamps (Luminaries) . 64 The Survey Form . 11 Types of Security Lighting . 65 The Crime Statistics . 22 Lighting Requirements for Perimeter Protection . 65 Risk Analysis Steps . 24 Lighting Requirements for CCTV . 68 Choosing the Method to Mitigate the Risk . 26 Electrical Power Sources for Security Lighting . 69 Planning and Designing . 29 Wiring and Lighting Controls . 70 CHAPTER 3 PERIMETER FENCE . 33 Maintenance of Lighting Systems . 71 Types of Perimeter Fences . 34 Security Lighting Design Considerations . 71 Chain Link . 35 Conclusion . 73 Wrought Iron . 37 CHAPTER 6 ELECTRONIC ACCESS CONTROL . 75 Wood Fences . 39 Biometric Systems . 75 Concrete Walls . 41 Hand Geometry . 76 Fence Openings . 41 Fingerprint Reader . 76 Barbed Wire . 43 Iris Scanner . 76 Razor Wire . 44 Retina Scan . 77 Fence Design Specifications . 45 Voice Recognition . 77 CHAPTER 4 PROTECTIVE BARRIERS . 49 Signature Recognition . 77 Natural Protective Barriers . 50 Facial Recognition . 77 Man-Made Protective Barriers . 51 Error Rates . 78 Decorative Planters . 52 Combination Systems . 78 Bollards . 53 Access Control System Cards . 78 K-Rail . 55 Magnetic Strip . 78 Welded Steel Guard Rails . 56 Proximity Cards . 80 Vehicle Arrest Systems . 57 Smart Cards . 80 iv Contents v Dual Technology Cards . 80 Parking Garages . 143 Designing the Access Control System . 80 Natural Access Control . 143 Types of Access Control System Locks . 82 Natural Surveillance . 145 Request to Exit Device (REX) . 84 Traditional Physical Security . 147 Door Contacts . 85 Access Control . 149 Automatic Door Closer . 85 Security Officers . 149 Access Control System Panels . 86 Security Survey . 149 Sample Design Specifications . 86 Parking Lots . 150 CHAPTER 7 ALARMS (INTRUSION DETECTION Lighting in Parking Lots . 151 SYSTEMS) . 101 Landscaping in Parking Lots . 152 Alarm Categories . 102 CCTV in Parking Lots . 152 Exterior Intrusion Detection Sensors . 102 Emergency Call Boxes . 153 Interior Intrusion Detection Sensors . 103 Security Officers . 153 Sensor Technology . 103 Sample Design Specifications for a Parking Garage . 153 Switches . 104 CHAPTER 9 CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) . 159 Magnetic Switches . 104 CCTV System Components . 160 Balanced Magnetic Switches . 105 Camera . 161 Mechanical Switches . 106 Coaxial Cable . 163 Volumetric Sensors . 107 Fiber Optic Cable ..