STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MOLLY M. SPEARMAN STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION SECRETARY TO THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Science Standards 2021 The South Carolina Department of Education does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, veteran status, or disability in admission to, treatment in, or employment in its programs and activities. Inquiries regarding the nondiscrimination policies should be made to the Employee Relations Manager, 1429 Senate Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, 803-734-8781. For further information on federal non- discrimination regulations, including Title IX, contact the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights at [email protected] or call 1-800-421-3481. Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction to the South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Science Standards 2021 ................................................................... 1 Learning in 3 Dimensional Science Classrooms ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Dimension 1: Science and Engineering Practices .................................................................................................................................. 4 Dimension 2: Crosscutting Concepts ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Dimension 3: Disciplinary Core Ideas..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science: Engineering Design Process ....................................................................... 7 Science Dimensions Overview .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Understanding the Architecture of the Standards ................................................................................................................................. 9 Kindergarten ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 First Grade .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Second Grade .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Third Grade ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 48 Fourth Grade ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 66 Fifth Grade .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 83 Sixth Grade .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 99 Seventh Grade ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 120 Eighth Grade ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 146 Biology .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 168 Chemistry............................................................................................................................................................................................... 198 Physics .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 213 Earth and Space Science ...................................................................................................................................................................... 237 References .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 268 Appendix A: Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................ 271 South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Science Standards 2021 i Contents Acknowledgements South Carolina owes a debt of gratitude to the hundreds of science educators, informal science educators, representatives of higher education, business and industry representatives, community members and leaders, parents, national science education leaders, as well as recent SC graduates who collaborated to produce the South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Science Standards 2021. See Appendix A for list of all committee, panel, and team members. SC Education Oversight Committee (EOC) Science Standards Review Panel The 5 members of the SC EOC science standards national review panel and 43 members of the state review panel recommended revisions to the South Carolina Academic Standards and Performance Indicators for Science 2014. SCDE Science Standards Review Panel The 54 members of the SCDE science standards review panel recommended revisions to the South Carolina Academic Standards and Performance Indicators for Science 2014. SCDE Writing Team The 49 members of the SCDE science standards writing team wrote the South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Science Standards 2021. SCDE Local Writing Advisory Team The 28 members of the SCDE local advisory writing team provided recommendations to the writing team. SCDE National Advisory Writing Team The 10 members of the SCDE national advisory writing team provided recommendations to the writing team. SCDE Standards Design Team The 13 members of the SCDE design team produced the engineering design process for the South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Science Standards 2021. South Carolina Department of Education The standard document writers developed this document under the direction of Dr. David Mathis, Deputy Superintendent, Division of College & Career Readiness; Dr. Anne Pressley, Director, Office of Standards and Learning; Gwendolynn Shealy, Team Lead and Elementary Science Education Associate, Office of Standards and Learning; Kathryn Stabell, Secondary Science Education Associate, Office of Standards and Learning; and the Office of Assessment. South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Science Standards 2021 Page 1 Introduction to the South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Science Standards 2021 South Carolina’s Vision for Science Education Academic Standards Beginning in Kindergarten and extending each year through The standards are performance expectations that are three- 12th grade, all students will be provided with a coherent K-12 dimensional. These three dimensions are: progression of authentic and relevant learning experiences Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs), where they actively engage in science and engineering Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs), and practices and apply crosscutting concepts to deepen their understanding of each field’s disciplinary core ideas. Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs). The standards derive from foundational research that South Carolina students will build readiness for college, ensures in-depth opportunities for students to authentically career, and lifelong learning through the integration of the explore the core ideas of the natural and human built world three dimensions into standards, curriculum, instruction, and as scientists and engineers. local and state assessment, and through the feature of engineering and technology alongside of natural sciences The standards are considered flexible for the organization of (physical science, life sciences, and Earth and space sciences). any course as they are not sequenced for instruction and do not represent a curricular scope or sequence. The three- South Carolina students will be prepared to: dimensional standards describe a small number of carefully consume scientific and technological disciplinary core ideas, so that all students learn what is information related to their everyday lives, most important for proficiency in the discipline at a engage in public discussions on science-related issues, particular level. be a civic-minded decision-maker, In accordance with the South Carolina Educational appreciate the