Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies Academic Year 2010-2011 OXFORD CENTRE FOR HEBREW AND JEWISH STUDIES A Recognized Independent Centre of the University of Oxford OXFORD CENTRE FOR HEBREW AND JEWISH STUDIES MAIN OFFICE Yarnton Manor, Yarnton Oxford OX5 1PY, England telephone: Oxford (01865) 377946 fax: Oxford (01865) 375079 email: [email protected] website: www.ochjs.ac.uk HEBREW AND JEWISH STUDIES UNIT Pusey Lane, Oxford OX1 2LE, England telephone: Oxford (01865) 278200 fax: Oxford (01865) 278190 Registered Charity No. 309720 IRS No. for the American Friends 13-2943469 Registered Company No. 1109384 ISSN 1368 9096 Typeset in 9/11 Cellini by Hype! 21 Brownlow Mews, London. Printed in Great Britain by XXXX CONTENTS Preface 2 Vision and Mission Statement 5 Highlights of the 2010-2011 Academic Year 7 New Research R. B. Kitaj: Painting the Way Home DR AARON ROSEN 21 What is the Future of the British Chief Rabbinate? DR MIRI FREUD KANDEL 33 Mother’s Boy, Pittam Envy and the Brotherhood of the Weak in Sholem Aleichem’s ‘Der Esreg’ DR ZEHAVIT STERN 47 The European Seminar on Advanced Jewish Studies The Material Texts of the Genizah Collection at the Bodleian Library: A New Approach to Genizah Research DR PIET VAN BOXEL 54 The Fellows and Their Research Prayers from the Genizah: Between Liturgy and Magic DR EMMA ABATE 67 Biblical Verses and Genizah Amulets DR YEHUDAH COHN 77 A Greek, Arabic and Jewish Philosophical Reconstruction – The Theology of Aristotle in the Cairo Genizah PROFESSOR PAUL FENTON 81 iv Genizah Manuscripts of the Babylonian Talmud – An Integrated Approach PROFESSOR SHAMMA FRIEDMAN 83 The Leopold Muller Memorial Library 149 The Third Form of the Hebrew Book: Rotuli from the Cairo Genizah Remembering Barry Blumberg, 1925-2011 156 PROFESSOR JUDITH OLSZOWY-SCHLANGER 89 Science and Religion PROFESSOR BARUCH S. BLUMBERG 157 Genizah Fragments of Geonic Halakhic Codes DR RONI SHWEKA 95 In memoriam Professor Raphael Loewe, 1919-2011 164 Early Judaeo-Arabic Bible Translations DR RONNY VOLLANDT 97 In memoriam Professor Edward Ullendorff, 1920-2011 167 Two Proposals for Future Genizah Research PROFESSOR JUDITH OLSZOWY-SCHLANGER, PROFESSOR MARINA RUSTOW and PROFESSOR SHAMMA FRIEDMAN 101 Listings The Academic Council 171 The Academic Year Other Academic Officers 172 Courses, Lectures, Conferences, Publications and Members of the Hebrew and Jewish Studies Unit 173 Other Activities by Fellows of the Centre 108 The Leopold Muller Memorial Library Committee 174 Seminars, Conferences and Special Lectures Involving Centre Fellows 118 Visiting Fellows and Scholars 175 Visiting Fellows’ and Scholars’ Reports 124 Centre Staff 176 A David Patterson Seminar - Nineveh the Fallen: Reflections on Nahum the Prophet and Nahum the Book Senior Members 178 PROFESSOR PETER MACHINIST 132 Degree Programmes in Hebrew and Jewish Studies MSt in Jewish Studies 135 at the University of Oxford 180 Journal of Jewish Studies 138 Board of Governors 181 The European Association for Jewish Studies 140 Donors of Books to the Leopold Muller Memorial Library 183 The Institute for Polish-Jewish Studies 141 Books Acquired for the Library Through Special Funds and Endowments 184 Looted Art Research Unit 142 Sources of Funding, 2010-2011 187 Qumran Forum 149 Financial Review for 2010-2011 190 Nine Genizah scholars spent the year collaborating at Yarnton Manor, conducting PREface research, making presentations and preparing material for publication on the following research projects: This year’s Report highlights the work of the Centre in providing Jewish y Early Judaeo-Arabic translations of y Jewish society in the eleventh- studies at the University of Oxford, where the Centre’s Fellows, Lectors the Hebrew Bible century Fatimid Egyptian Caliphate and Lecturers continue to provide most of the teaching in this area, as well as in Hebrew and Israel studies. y Unique Talmud manuscripts y Judaeo-Arabic linguistics y Maimonides’s Mishneh Torah and y Magical amulets other legal codes y Therapeutic, exorcist and Without the Centre, which provides the primary tuition (i.e. instruction) for nine y The transmission of classical meteorological (rain-making) degree courses in Hebrew and Jewish studies at the undergraduate, postgraduate and philosophic teachings from Greek Jewish rituals doctoral level, the University would be unable to offer these courses. It also provides to Arabic and to Hebrew tuition in ten additional degree courses in Classics, Theology, Modern Middle Eastern and Oriental Studies. These seminars allowed scholars to benefit from regular interaction and cross-fertilization of ideas with colleagues within their own and other fields. Younger The Centre has created the largest and most important academic programme researchers had the opportunity to work alongside senior scholars, collaborating with in Jewish studies in Europe, based on undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and them and sharing expertise built up over generations. postdoctoral research and teaching. Through the University, the Centre provides the academic vision and human resources essential for preparing the next generation of Seven Kennedy Leigh Visiting Fellows and Harold Hyam Wingate Visiting Fellows Jewish studies scholars at universities throughout the world. In this way the Centre who spent much of the year at Yarnton Manor conducted research and made valuable helps to rebuild Jewish studies in Europe and further afield. contributions in the following areas: The Centre’s academic home, Yarnton Manor, is a premier residential academic y The trial against the Talmud at y Biblical Hebrew prose and poetry Paris in 1240 community, providing opportunities for Jewish studies scholars to live, work and y Midrash collaborate on research projects. It has become a second home to leading specialists y Creating an index and classification y A comparison of the Holocaust and in the field and serves as an academic incubator promoting scholarship, collegiality of medieval Hebrew manuscripts and community. the Armenian genocide y Jewish-Christian relations in y The treatment of the Holocaust in This year’s Report focuses on the European Seminars in Advanced Jewish renaissance Florence Studies. These bring together international teams of scholars for year-long research kibbutzim collaboration at Yarnton Manor around a central theme. The topic this year was It is hoped that this Report will introduce you to some exciting aspects of the work of the Bodleian Library’s Genizah collection, a rich treasury of some 25,000 medieval the Centre. manuscript folios retrieved from the archive (genizah) of the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Old Cairo more than a century ago. DR DAVID ARIEL The Bodleian Library’s Genizah manuscripts are exceptional, including rare Talmud fragments that escaped the mass burnings of Talmud manuscripts in sixteenth- President century Europe and unique liturgical material that sheds light on the beginnings of Jewish prayer. Other such collections, held at the University of Cambridge, the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York, the John Rylands Library (Manchester) and the University of Pennsylvania, contain fewer sequential folios and complete works than the Bodleian assemblage, making this a particularly valuable source for researchers. 2 3 ViSiON ANd MissiON Statement The mission of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies is to restore the legacy of Jewish scholarship in Europe, continue the tradition of Hebrew studies at the University of Oxford, support advanced scholarship in academic Jewish studies, promote understanding of the interaction among Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and provide the scholarly understanding of contemporary Jewish life. With the destruction of European Jewry, the centres of Jewish scholarship in Europe - both theological and academic - were largely destroyed. Jewish studies were reconstituted after the Holocaust in yeshivot and universities primarily in North America and Israel. However, at the University of Oxford, one of the world’s leading universities, Hebrew has been taught continuously since the establishment of the Regius Professorship of Hebrew in 1546. Moreover, the Bodleian Library, whose Jewish collections were founded in 1600, is the world’s richest treasury of manuscripts and books related to medieval European Jewish civilization. Within its collections are preserved the remnants of a destroyed culture, making it possible to reconstruct the narrative of Jewish civilization. Its holdings include the entire canon of Hebrew and Aramaic literature, as well as records of Jewish-Christian and Jewish-Muslim cooperation. More recently, the Muller Library, an incomparable scholarly resource for understanding modern European Jewish life, has made available the Jewish intellectual tradition of the past two centuries. From the resources of these great collections it is possible to reconstruct a narrative of Jewish history that is not only about persecution and suffering, but addresses the indispensable contribution of the Jewish people to western civilization. The records of European Jewish culture were first preserved at the University of Oxford by Christian Hebraists who studied Hebrew and Jewish literature for theological and intellectual reasons. These pioneers provided a foundation that can support the many disciplines of academic Jewish studies today. Its development is now the responsibility of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, which is dedicated to continuing the legacy of Jewish studies in a contemporary