CHAPTER 6: UTILITY SERVICES CONTENTS FIGURES 6. PURPOSE .................................................................................... 225 Figure 1: Region 1 Load Growth ..................................................... 244 Figure 2: Region 1 Load Growth ..................................................... 246 6.1 BACKGROUND .......................................................................... 225 Figure 3: Region 5 Load Growth ..................................................... 248 6.2 INFORMANTS OF KEY DATA AND INDICATORS ........................ 225 Figure 4: Region 6 Load Growth ..................................................... 249 6.3 REFLECTING ON THE IDP .......................................................... 227 Figure 15: Regional Analysis: Low capacity Areas .......................... 254 Figure 16: City of Tshwane Present and Future reliance on Water 6.4 POLICY CONTEXT ...................................................................... 228 Sources ........................................................................... 265 6.5 SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE FRAMEWORK ...................... 231 Figure 17: CoT Non-revenue water ................................................ 267 6.6 ELECTRICITY .............................................................................. 236 6.7. WATER ..................................................................................... 255 6.8 SANITATION ............................................................................. 268 6.9 IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................... 273 6.10 CONCLUSION .......................................................................... 290 6.11 REFERENCES ........................................................................... 290 6. PURPOSE Tshwane residents and the people of South Africa to exercise their power and rights by participating in the vision to remake South The purpose of the chapter is to give a strategic overview on how Africa’s Capital City. The revised MSDF (Utility Chapter) elaborates on Tshwane can use the current infrastructure and other available the status and capacity of engineering infrastructural services in the renewable technologies in a sustainable manner to provide City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and identify areas where electricity, water and sanitation to its residents and large customers, intervention is needed in the short, medium and long-term. whilst still aligning and complying with various applicable legislations. 6.1 Background - Sustainability: Minimal environmental impact and respect for the value of natural systems. Urbanization creates specific challenges pertaining to the - Quality of Life: The creation of places that enrich, uplift and management of resources, particularly water and energy. Cities face inspire the human spirit. tremendous challenges in planning for adequate potable water and electricity and providing them to all residents. Optimizing existing infrastructure and prioritizing the planning and implementation of infrastructure maintenance, renewal and expansion is fundamental to the City achieving its spatial vision of a restructured urban form. 6.2 INFORMANTS OF KEY DATA AND INDICATORS While the MSDF identifies broad priority investment areas, practical CHAPTER VARIABLE ASSESSMENT SOURCE considerations require that engineering infrastructure be in place to allow for the densities proposed and to attract private investment towards building a more compact, efficient and livable city. The City of Tshwane anchored the collaborative strategy development process - Tshwane Vision 2055 on the Freedom Charter clause: “The people shall govern.” This principle was at the center of the formulation of the Tshwane Vision 2055 to provide a platform for TSHWANE MSDF FOR COMMENT SEPTEMBER 2019 225 Utility Water and The country has reached the point where the availability of Engineering News, South Africa water supply not keeping up with Services Sanitation water in new development zones can no longer be developments. https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/s-africa- guaranteed. water-supply-not-keeping-up-2019-06-21/rep_id:4136 Expanding agricultural sector will mean facing the same constraints. There are many municipalities unable to foster local economic development, owing to their lack of ability to provide a reliable supply of water. The scale of the risk posed by climate change is influenced by, amongst others, the quality of housing and infrastructure in a city and the extent to which urban Water Commission, Framework towards Water Sensitive Spatial planning and land-use management have successfully Planning and Land Use Management (2:2019) ensured risk reduction within urban construction and expansion. Electricity Around 77% of South Africa's energy needs are directly Energy in South Africa. derived from coal and 92% of coal consumed on the African https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_South_Africa continent is mined in South Africa. South Africa was the sixth top hard coal producer in 2009. The electricity supply crisis, prompted decision-makers to respond with greater urgency to the capacity shortage that had been threatening to emerge for some time. An overview of Electricity consumption and pricing in South Africa. Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd, 24 February 2017http://www.eskom.co.za/Documents/EcoOverviewElectricitySA- 2017.pdf TSHWANE MSDF FOR COMMENT SEPTEMBER 2019 226 6.3 REFLECTING ON THE IDP Housing and Human settlements – Housing and formalization The MSDF needs to be a spatial translation of the IDP’S intended of informal settlements outcomes. Part of achieving this is through an understanding of how the Figure 1: Summary of ward needs per Department Source: Tshwane Integrated Development Plan (2017-21) IDP addresses matters around electricity, water and sanitation. The IDP Needs are a section of the IDP document where a record of the submissions made by citizens with regards to community-identified needs for the foreseeable financial year/s. Delivering high-quality basic services is priority number 11 and includes the following action plans: - Fixing potholes and maintaining all municipal roads; Providing access to electricity, potable water and sanitation; Conducting weekly door-to-door refuse collection in formal and informal areas and Prioritising the regular maintenance and refurbishment of municipal infrastructure. The following is a reflection of the submissions that were made for the 2017-2021 IDP. The four most important needs identified by wards per department are as follows: - This therefore requires that a large proportion of the financial resources Roads and transport – Roads, storm water and public in terms of the budget should be allocated towards these services. The transport; main challenge with regard to the Utility service remain, reliance on Utility services - Water, sanitation and electricity; Eskom and Rand water for provision of bulk water and electricity. Community and social services – Clinics, community halls, sport and recreation; and TSHWANE MSDF FOR COMMENT SEPTEMBER 2019 227 Minister has to monitor and ensure compliance with all applicable 6.4 POLICY CONTEXT national standards pertaining to water quality. 6.4.1 Global, National and Provincial Policy Context Environmental Management Act (107 of 1998) South African Constitution (Act 108 of 1996) The core environmental principle of National Environmental In terms of Section 152 (1) (b), local government is mandated to ensure Management Act is to promote ecologically sustainable development provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. Citizens through the conservation and sustainable utilization of natural also have a right "to an environment that is not harmful to their health resources. NEMA requires for certain departments to develop or wellbeing" (Section. 26(1), s. 24(a) of the Constitution). The Environmental Management Plans (mostly national departments); Constitution gives municipalities the obligation to ensure that municipal Environmental Implementation Plans (mostly province) and services are delivered in a sustainable way. Environmental Management Frameworks, mostly local government Water Services Act (108 of 1997) (Section 24(3). The main objectives of this Act are to provide for: (a) the right of access Key to the EMF is identifying environmentally sensitive areas and areas to basic water supply and the right to basic sanitation necessary to where certain land uses are most compatible or incompatible with secure sufficient water and an environment not harmful to human environmental opportunities (Driver, et al., 2011, p. 48). On local level, health or well-being. NEMA requires that the impact of development on the environment is regulated through Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) which was National Water Act (36 of 1998) at the time an existing legal tool as it became mandatory in 1989 after the Environmental Conservation Act 73 of 1989 was enacted. The National Water Act (36 of 1998), read together with the Water Services Act (108 of 1997) provides that, among other things, the TSHWANE MSDF FOR COMMENT SEPTEMBER 2019 228 Municipal Systems Act (32 of 2000) Effectiveness and long-term sustainability of the electricity supply industry within the broader context of economic energy regulation in The Act, sets out legislation that enables municipalities to uplift their the Republic. communities by ensuring access to essential services. The Act defines the legal nature of a municipality