Optical Fibre for Education and Research Networks in Eastern and Southern Africa Edited by Björn Pehrson, KTH and Margaret Ngwira University of Malawi Content provided by Lishan Adam, Stellenbosch University, Antoine Bagula, KTH, Godfrey Chikumbi, KTH, Anders Comstedt, KTH, Duncan Martin, TENET, Americo Muchanga, UEM, Margaret Ngwira, University of Malawi, Issa Nkusi, RITA, Björn Pehrson, KTH and numerous contacts in their human networks. Final Version May 1, 2006 Commissioned by Sponsored by This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike2.5 License. Optical Fibre for Education and Research Networks in Eastern and Southern Africa Contents Optical Fibre for Education and Research Networks in Eastern and Southern Africa............................................1 Abstract...................................................................................................................................................................3 1 Background...........................................................................................................................................................4 1.1 African communication infrastructure...........................................................................................................4 1.2 Education and Connectivity as Public Goods................................................................................................5 1.3 Background of the study................................................................................................................................5 1.4 Other important events defining the context .................................................................................................6 1.5 Supporting the transition to high volume/low price markets.........................................................................7 2 Objectives and goals .............................................................................................................................................7 3 Policy and Regulatory Benchmark, the Case of Tanzania ....................................................................................8 3.1 A National Vision and Commitment for Broadband Infrastructure in Tanzania...........................................8 3.2 Converged Regulatory and Licensing Regime .............................................................................................8 3.3 Open National Backbone Infrastructure Initiative.........................................................................................9 3.4 Regulatory and Governance Issues .............................................................................................................10 3.5 Fair Access and Bilateral Interconnection Regime with Neighbouring Countries......................................10 3.6 Creating Favourable Conditions for Distribution of Access from Backbone to End-users.........................11 3.7 Implications to the Southern African Region..............................................................................................11 4 Policy, Regulations and Business models in practice .........................................................................................12 4.1 Malawi.........................................................................................................................................................12 4.2 Mozambique................................................................................................................................................12 4.3 Rwanda........................................................................................................................................................12 4.4 South Africa ................................................................................................................................................12 4.5 TCRA, Tanzania..........................................................................................................................................13 4.6 The Communication Authority of Zambia and ICT Policy.........................................................................13 5 Available Fibre infrastructure .............................................................................................................................15 5.1 DRC.............................................................................................................................................................15 5.2 Kenya ..........................................................................................................................................................15 5.3 Malawi.........................................................................................................................................................15 5.4 Mozambique................................................................................................................................................19 5.5 Rwanda........................................................................................................................................................21 5.6 Uganda ........................................................................................................................................................22 5.7 Zambia.........................................................................................................................................................22 6 Business models for dark fibre............................................................................................................................27 6.1 Legal framework, conflict resolution, trust .................................................................................................28 6.2 Greenfield vs. Number Two........................................................................................................................28 6.3 Logistics, footprint and endurance ..............................................................................................................28 6.4 Cost advantage, supplier relations, consumer contact.................................................................................29 6.5 Investing in a greenfield situation ...............................................................................................................29 6.6 Adding complementary fibre.......................................................................................................................30 6.7 NRENs as demanding customers ................................................................................................................30 7 National Research and Education Networks.......................................................................................................30 7.1 DRC REN....................................................................................................................................................31 7.2 KENET, Kenya ...........................................................................................................................................34 7.3 Maren, Malawi ............................................................................................................................................35 7.4 MoRENet, in Mozambique .........................................................................................................................36 7.5 Rwanda NREN ...........................................................................................................................................37 7.6 TENET/SANREN, South Africa.................................................................................................................37 7.7 TENET, Tanzania........................................................................................................................................38 7.8 RENU, Uganda............................................................................................................................................38 7.9 ZAMREN, Zambia......................................................................................................................................38 8 Regional backbone alternatives connecting SSA internally and to the world.....................................................39 8.1 SAT3-WASC/SAFE....................................................................................................................................40 8.2 EASSy.........................................................................................................................................................41 8.3 Terrestrial fibre alternatives ........................................................................................................................43 9 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................................46 10 References.........................................................................................................................................................47 11 Glossary of Terms.............................................................................................................................................48 2 Optical Fibre for Education and Research Networks in Eastern and Southern Africa Abstract Africa is behind in the development towards the global knowledge society and the gap to the rest
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