INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON, OHIO in affiliation with the PONTIFICAL THEOLOGICAL FACULTY MARIANUM ROME, ITALY By: Fr. Simon Mary of the Cross, M. Carm. Maroney, JCL SEMINARY LIFE AND FORMATION UNDER MARY’S MANTLE: AN EXPLORATION OF MARY’S PRESENCE AND MISSION IN INITIAL PRIESTLY FORMATION A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Licentiate of Sacred Theology with specialization in Marian Studies Director: Msgr. Frank Leo Jr., STD Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469-1390 2019 Seminary Life and Formation Under Mary’s Mantle: An Exploration of Mary’s Presence and Mission in Initial Priestly Formation © 2019 by Monks of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel BN: Nihil obstat: Gloria Falcão Dodd, STD Vidimus et approbamus: Msgr. Frank Leo Jr., STD – Director Fr. James Presta, STD – Examinator Imprimi potest: Fr. Daniel Mary of Jesus Crucified, M. Carm., Schneider – Prior Daytonenesis (USA), ex aedibus International Marian Research Institute, et Romae, ex aedibus Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae Marianum die 2 Augusti 2019. All Rights Reserved Under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Printed in the United States of America ___________________________ ii Table of Contents Statement of Fidelity v Dedication vi Acknowledgments vii Abbreviations viii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Objectives of this Investigation, Scope, and Limitations 2 1.2 The Status Quaestionis 11 1.3 The Thesis Statement, Methodology, and Sources 13 1.4 The Foundational Theological Notions 17 1.4.1 Mary’s “Presence” 17 1.4.2 Mary’s “Mission” 26 1.5 A Brief Historical Excursus of Fundamental Magisterial Documents on Priestly Formation from 1965 to 2019 35 Chapter 2: Propaedeutic Stage 40 2.1 The Aim of the Propaedeutic Stage 43 2.2 Mary’s Presence and Mission in the Propaedeutic Stage 48 2.2.1 Human Formation 48 2.2.2 Spiritual Formation 61 2.2.3 Intellectual Formation 69 2.2.4 Pastoral Formation 76 2.3 Conclusion 83 Chapter 3: Discipleship Stage 85 3.1 The Aim of the Discipleship Stage 89 3.2 Mary’s Presence and Mission in the Discipleship Stage 98 3.2.1 Human Formation 98 3.2.2 Spiritual Formation 113 3.2.3 Intellectual Formation 120 3.2.4 Pastoral Formation 126 3.3 Conclusion 131 iii Chapter 4: Configuration Stage 134 4.1 The Aim of the Configuration Stage 138 4.2 Mary’s Presence and Mission in the Configuration Stage 144 4.2.1 Human Formation 144 4.2.2 Spiritual Formation 155 4.2.3 Intellectual Formation 168 4.2.4 Pastoral Formation 176 4.3 Conclusion 181 Chapter 5: Pastoral Stage 183 5.1 The Aim of the Pastoral Stage 187 5.2 Mary’s Presence and Mission in the Pastoral Stage 193 5.2.1 Human Formation 193 5.2.2 Spiritual Formation 200 5.2.3 Intellectual Formation 207 5.2.4 Pastoral Formation 211 5.3 Conclusion 216 Chapter 6: Conclusion 218 6.1 Summary of Findings 220 6.2 Examples of Marian Assessment at the Conclusion of Each Stage 225 6.3 Further Possibilities of Investigation 228 6.4 Implications for a Marian Church 230 Bibliography 232 1. Primary Sources 232 2. Secondary Sources 242 Biographical Note 282 iv Statement of Fidelity The author offers the following licentiate thesis for the glory of God, the honor of the Immaculate Mother of God, the salvation of souls, and the exaltation of the Catholic Church founded by the Lord Jesus Christ upon St. Peter. The author, therefore, has sought to steadfastly preserve the deposit of faith in its integrity and to foster the common discipline of the whole Church. Nothing that follows is intended in any way whatsoever to deviate from the Christian obedience proper to the author’s state in life, but rather to faithfully articulate all that has been taught by the doctors and teachers of the faith. Thus, the author renews his profession of faith, professing each article of the symbol of faith, and holding with firm faith and as divinely revealed everything contained in Sacred Scripture, Tradition, and proposed by the Church, whether in solemn judgment or in the ordinary and universal Magisterium. The author desires that this thesis might be of service to priestly formators, spiritual directors, and seminarians in forming Marian priests for the twenty-first century. In all that follows, the author humbly submits to the unerring judgment of his mother, the Catholic Church, and confesses that any errors are his own. v To the memory of my father, GEORGE NELSON MARONEY who desired to have a priest for a son to hear his confession, but suddenly died December 15, 2014 before that was possible. Requiem aeternam dona ei, Domine, et lux perpetua luceat ei. Requiescat in pace. Amen. vi Acknowledgments In sixteenth-century Spain, the intrepid reformer Saint Teresa of Jesus inaugurated an abiding renewal within the Carmelite family with the primary apostolic aim of praying for priests. For Saint Teresa, any true rebuilding of the Church must begin with the clergy, the pastors chosen by God to shepherd his flock. In this year of the Lord, 2019, the same vision inspires the author, a spiritual son of the mystical Doctor, to devote this protracted study to the relationship between integral initial priestly formation and the Virgin Mary; for Saint Teresa’s timeless foresight and maternal intercession, the author is eternally grateful. As a study concerned with the preparation of men for Holy Orders, the author recalls his debt of gratitude to those innumerable clerics whose priestly example nurtured his own vocation and modeled priestly fidelity permeated with Marian devotion. First, and in an exceptional way, the author wishes to thank the Reverend Father Daniel Mary of Jesus Crucified, Prior of the Monks of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, who not only made this study possible by permitting countless hours of research and writing, but daily witnesses a priesthood of service animated by Mary’s spirit. Second, the author acknowledges the venerable Reverend Father Joseph Getz, an Augustinian friar who first demonstrated to the author a Marian priesthood and instilled in the author, while still a young boy serving at the Holy Altar, a love of Immaculate Mary. And, finally, the author expresses heartfelt appreciation to the Reverend Monsignor Frank Leo, a faithful friend and devout client of the Mother of God, who not only recognized the need and merit of this work from the beginning, but sacrificed the countless hours necessary to bring this thesis to completion. Since words fail to articulate the author’s immense indebtedness, the author can only pray, “May God reward each of you, as He alone can!” vii Abbreviations AAS Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Rome, 1909- AG Second Vatican Council, Decree on the Mission Activity of the Church Ad Gentes art(t). article (articles) c. canon ca circa cc. canons CCC Catechism of the Catholic Church cf. confer CIC/83 Codex Iuris Canonici, Auctoriate Ioannis Pauli PP. II Promulgatus, Fontium Annotatione et Indice Analytico-Alphabetico Auctus Directory Congregation for the Clergy, Directory for the Ministry and the Life of Priests DV Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum GS Second Vatican Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes viii ISF Congregation for Catholic Education, The Virgin Mary in Intellectual and Spiritual Formation LG Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium MC Paul VI, Apostolic Exhortation for the Right Ordering and Development of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary Marialis Cultus MD John Paul II, Apostolic Letter on the Dignity and Vocation of Women Mulieris Dignitatem ML Pontifical International Marian Academy, The Mother of the Lord: Memory, Presence, Hope OT Second Vatican Council, Decree on Priestly Training Optatam Totius §(§) paragraph (paragraphs) PDV John Paul II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation on the Formation of Priests in the Circumstances of the Present Day Pastores Dabo Vobis PO Second Vatican Council, Decree on the Ministry and Life of Priests Presbyterorum Ordinis Ratio/70 Congregation for Catholic Education, Ratio fundamentalis Institutionis Sacerdotalis/The Basic Plan for Priestly Formation ix Ratio/85 Congregation for Catholic Education, Ratio fundamentalis Institutionis Sacerdotalis/Basic Norms for Priestly Formation Ratio/16 Congregation for the Clergy, Ratio fundamentalis Institutionis Sacerdotalis/The Gift of the Priestly Vocation RM John Paul II, Encyclical on the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Life of the Pilgrim Church Redemptoris Mater RSVCE2 Holy Bible: Revised Standard Version, Ignatius Bible SC Second Vatican Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium SM Paul VI, Apostolic Exhortation on Venerating and Imitating the Virgin Mary, Mother of the Church and Model of All Virtues Signum Magnum ST Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae x Chapter 1 Introduction God wills that every human person enters into a personal relationship with Mary of Nazareth, known by faith as the ever- virgin Immaculate Mother of God, to assist in attaining union with God in this life and the beatific vision of heaven. The Incarnate Word’s bequeathal of Mary on Calvary to the proxy of all Christ’s followers, John the Beloved, identifies the import of Mary in Christian discipleship.1 By positioning the conciliar teaching on