Fall 2004 Volume 30 AISAIS not for reprint not for IVIV reprintYY JJOURNALOURNAL AISAIS notnot forfor reprintreprint AISAIS notnot forfor reprintreprint AISAIS notnot forfor reprintreprint General Information Press Information American Ivy Society [email protected] P. O. Box 2123 AIS Naples FL 34106-2123 U.S.A. Ivy Identification, Registration Membership Russell A. Windle American Ivy Society American ivy Society P. O. Boxnot 2123 for reprint P.O. Box 461 Naples FL 34106-2123 U.S.A. Lionville, PA 19353-0461 [email protected] AIS Officers, Board Members President - Suzanne Warner Pierot Vice-President - Peggy Redding Treasurer - David Clark Membership - Laurie Perper AIS Registrar, Ivy Research Center Director - Russell Windle Taxonomist - Dr. Sabina Mueller Sulgrove Boardnot Directors for reprint Frank Batson Barbara Furlong Ed Olson Rosa Capps Patricia Riley Hammer Daphne Pfaff Rachel Cobb Jim Maddux Pearl Wong Susan Cummings Ivy Journal Editorial Staff: Rachel Cobb David Pfaff Patricia Riley Hammer Suzanne Warner Pierot Dr. Sabina Mueller Sulgrove PeggyAIS Redding Russell Windle The Ivy Journal is published once per year by the American Ivy Society, a nonprofit educational organization.not Membership includesfor a new ivy plant eachreprint year, subscription to the Ivy Journal and Between the Vines, the newsletter of The American Ivy Society. Editorial submissions are welcome. Mail typed, double-spaced manuscript to the Ivy Journal Editor, The American Ivy Society. Enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope if you wish manuscript and/ or artwork to be returned. Manuscripts will be handled with reasonable care. However, AIS assumes no responsibility for safety of artwork, photographs, or manuscripts. Every precaution is taken to ensure accuracy, but AIS cannot accept responsibility for the corrections or accuracy of the information supplied herein or for any opinion expressed. The AmericanAIS Ivy Society P. O. Box 2123, Naples, FL 34106-2123 Remembernot to send AIS your newfor address. The Post reprintOffice does not forward Ivy Journals Copyright 2004. The American Ivy Society. All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without permission of the copyright owner. Design/Production by Rachel Cobb - Elmer, NJ • Printed by Jeremy Printing - New York, NY ISSN: 0882-4142 IVY AISJOURNAL Fall 2004 Volume 30 not forCONTENTS reprint List of Illustrations 2 Index of Sponsors 2 For More Information 3 AIS Chapter Listing 3 Regional Ivy Collections 3 Preface AIS 4 Is Ivy Invasive? What’snot Known about for Ivy. reprint5-71 Overview 5 1. Background on Ivies: 6-17 II. Background on Ivy on the Internet 18-23 III. The Invasive Issue 24-32 IV. What People Should Know about Ivies 33-43 V. American Ivy Society Recommendations 43 47 VI. Acknowledgements 47 VII. Overview AIS 47-48 VIII. Findings 48-50 IX. Abstract 50-51 notX. Literature Cited for reprint51-58 XI. Appendices 58-66 Tara Fletcher: Research to Identify Factors that Contribute to English ivy’s Successful Invasion in the Pacific Northwest. 66-73 2004 New Registrations AIS Hedera helix ‘Dedos’ 74-75 Hedera helix ‘Ballet’ 76-77 Hederanot helix ‘Golden Girl’,for ‘Ira’, ‘Jake’, andreprint ‘Jubilation’ 78-81 Ivy of the Year Hedera helix ‘Misty’ 84 Cover: Hedera helix ‘Misty’, Ivy of the Year 2005. Photo by Rachel Cobb. LIST OF ILLUstrations Hedera helix ‘Misty’ AIS Cover, 84 Hederanot helix ‘Dedos’ and forHedera helix ‘Malvern’reprint 75 Hedera helix ‘Ballet’and Hedera helix ‘Brazil ‘ 77 Hedera helix ‘Golden Girl’, ‘Ira’, ‘Jake’,AIS and ‘Jubilation’ 78-80 not for reprint List of Sponsors Hedera etc. 15 The Begonian 15 Mary’s Plant Farm & Landscaping 15 Cliff Finch’s Topiary Zoo AIS 15 Gardenworks 17 Samianot Rose Topiary for reprint82 Hobby Greenhouse Association 82 Gilson Gardens 82 Evergreen Nursery AIS 83 Riverbend Nursery, Inc. 83 Vinenot Acres Nursery, Inc.for reprint83 Euro American 83 Commercial Sponsors List 85 2 FOR MORE Information Specific IVY AISRegional IVY QUESTIONS COLLECTIONS Growing Ivy Outdoors Florida Dr.not Sabina Mueller Sulgrove for reprintSugar Mill Botanic Gardens 2624 Center Creek Circle 950 Old Sugar Mill Road Spring Valley, OH 45370-9000 Port Orange, FL 32119 Phone 904-788-3645 Commercial Growing Frank Batson Maryland 19916 Mill Creek Road Brookside Gardens Scotts Mills, OR 97375 AIS1500 Glenallan Avenue Wheaton, MD 20902 Judging Standards Phone 301-929-6509 The American Ivy Society P.O.not Box 2123, Naples, FLfor 34106-2123 reprintNew York Buffalo & Erie County AIS CHAPTERS Botanical Gardens 2655 South Park Avenue Atlanta Buffalo, NY 14218 Rosa Capps Phone (716) 827-1584 575 Milligan Drive Stone Mountain, GA 30083 Illinois Chicago Botanic Gardens, Central Coast Hardiness Trials Evelyn C. Maddux 1000 Lake Cook Road 700 Fairway Drive, Camarillo, CAAIS 93010 Glencoe, IL 60022 Phone 847-835-5440 Eastern Russell Windle Virginia P.O.not Box 461, Lionville, PAfor 19353 reprint Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden Naples Display Collection Daphne Pfaff 1800 Lakeside Avenue 696 16th Avenue South, Naples, FL Richmond, VA 23228-1300 34102 Phone 804-262-9887 San Diego AISRiver Farm, Headquarters Pat Hammer of the American Horticulture Society, Samia Rose Topiary Ivy Display Collection P.O.not Box 23-1208, Encinitas, for CA 92023 reprint7931 East Boulevard Drive Alexandria, VA 22308 Ontario Phone 703-768-5700 Barbara Furlong 26 Alcaine Ct. Thornhill (Markham) Ontario, Canada L3T2G7 3 Preface By Suzanne Warner Pierot,AIS President, American Ivy Society Therenot is inaccurate, emotional for and inflammatory reprint mis-information about ivies— mainly featured on websites by groups focusing on invasive plants—which has caused some states to introduce legislation to ban ivy. Because of this the American Ivy Society is devoting most of this year’s Journal to the issue. The American Ivy Society, along with growers of cultivars of Hedera helix and other species, is concerned that ALL ivies are being banned, when the problem ivy, Hedera hibernica ‘Hibernica’ AISis incorrectly called “English Ivy”, a name that is the common name for Hedera helix and its cultivars. We note that although Rosa notrugosa, is on the listfor of banned plants, reprint ALL roses have not been banned. Because of the prominence of these websites, their factual errors have been copied and recopied onto other sites, and then into compendiums on invasive plants, further perpetuating the inaccurate statements about ivies. The basis of such emotional hype has been suppositions, anecdotes, hearsay, and unjustified conclusions from incomplete studies, rather than on scientific facts, thorough case studies, or reasoned and careful assumptions. Such emotionalism about non-native plants, has led to hasty legislation to outlaw perceived threats to local ecosystems, with the end result of regulating business of an entire state or region. AIS It is irresponsible for narrow focus groups, like plant pest councils or native plant societies, to force legislative actions that damage statewide industries, without interactionnot with nursery for groups—in violation reprint of the St. Louis Declaration on Invasive Species (2001). The American Ivy Society dedicates a majority of its resources to the careful, scientific classification of ivy. It is only through science that the individual charac- teristics of each species or cultivar can be determined. We, therefore, urge all those agencies involved in determining whether a species or cultivar is invasive to be more precise in their identificationAIS and then, perhaps, their efforts will be more focused and more successful. This notarticle by Dr. Sabina for Sulgrove Ph.D, Taxonomistreprint of the American Ivy Society is a reasoned discussion and literature citation of the facts. 4 Is Ivy Invasive? What’s KnownAIS about Ivy. notAN overview for OF THE C Hreprintaracteristics AND BEHavior OF IVY, A REVIEW OF THE IVY literatURE, AND A DISCUSSION OF WHETHER IVY IS invasive By Sabina Mueller Sulgrove, PhD Taxonomist, American Ivy Society American Ivy Society Director of Research and Registrar, 1977-2003 (AIS 2003) AIS Author’s Note: A great deal of in correct information about ivies is circulating on thenot Internet and in compendiumsfor of invasivereprint plants. Although there is a wealth of literature available on invasive species in general, both published and on the Web, the literature reviewed here will be applicable to, or refer to ivies. In these ivy articles a great deal of confusion has been created over which kind or cultivar of ivy is being discussed. The nomenclatural confusion comes about because the common name for Hedera helix is “English ivy,” and this same name is used in the commercial trade for the widely used ground cover, Hedera hibernica ‘Hibernica’, also known in the horticultural community as “Irish ivy.” The problem ivy on the US West CoastAIS actually is Hedera hibernica ‘Hibernica’, which is sold as a ground cover under the name “English Ivy.” This cultivar, ‘Hibernica’, is unrelated to the species Hedera helix that has roughly 500 cultivars, mostly grown as potnot plants. Because of forthe incorrect usereprint of the names in legislative proposals to ban English ivy as a “noxious weed,” Hedera helix and all its cultivars are being banned, rather than the cultivar, ‘Hibernica’, which is the problem in some parts of the country. The American Ivy Society presents here documented information about ivies and how they grow, along with recommendations for homeowners on which “safe” ivies to grow and tips for responsible gardening,AIS called “Living with Ivy Now!” Because of the nomenclatural problems associated with using the term “English ivy,” the termnot “ivy” is used hereinfor to identify iviesreprint that are NOT specified as Hedera hibernica ‘Hibernica’. Note about literature citations in the text: Where dates of web site articles are not identified in the web site, an estimate is made by using the date of the most recent literature citation in the references, followed by a “+”.