Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research Vol.5; Issue: 1; Jan.-March 2020 Website: www.gijhsr.com Original Research Article P-ISSN: 2456-9321 “Signs are Brisk when Nutrients at risk, act fast before last!!”: A study on Impact of Nutritional Intake on Clinical Manifestation V. Bhavani1, N. Prabhavathy Devi2 1Dietician, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, KK Nagar, Chennai, India 2Assistant Professor, Queen Marys College, Chennai, India Corresponding Author: V. Bhavani ABSTRACT consume nutrient rich foods and avoid energy densed food to maintain adequate nutritional The present study explored the impact of status and prevent deficiencies. nutritional intake on clinical manifestation. Physical signs and symptoms of malnutrition Keywords: Manifestation, Nutritional status, can be valuable aids in detecting nutritional Hemoglobin, Overweight , Waist circumference, deficiencies. Protein and micro nutrient Under nutrition deficiency have been the major nutritional problems faced by developing countries such as INTRODUCTION India. This study was conducted among 1000 Nutritional status plays a vital role in students. The samples are selected by means of deciding the health status of a community. stratified sampling and simple random sampling Nutritional deficiencies give rise to various techniques. Adopting Anthropometry (Waist morbidities which in turn, may lead to circumference, Hip circumference, Waist to Hip ratio), Biochemical (Hemoglobin using Drabki increased disability and even mortality. It is method, Clinical, and Dietary details (Food now well established that anthropometric frequency, three day dietary record) were device is a prerequisite in nutritional obtained from the subjects by appropriate evaluation and for determining nutritional methods. The obtained details were coded and status of a particular community, like being entered into Microsoft excel. The coded raw overweight, undernourished, obesity, data were subjected to statistical analysis using muscular mass loss accompanied with fat Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) mass gain, adipose tissue redistribution, version 20.0. Anthropometry, biochemical, skeletal health. Its indicators are employed clinical, dietary details were correlated and to evaluate the health status of a community results were interpreted. The effect of low and even for prognosis of chronic as well as hemoglobin on clinical manifestation was observed in the present study. It demonstrated acute diseases for medical intervention in that low hemoglobin levels resulted in a number people of all ages. Sutapa Patta in his of manifestations such as hairloss, recurrent article mentioned that ‘earlier, several mouth ulcer, angular stomatitis, glossitis, investigators all over the world had used depression, irritability, poor concentration. similar anthropometric characteristics and Overweight and obese subjects manifested with nutritional status of the adults from varying acanthosis nigricans, whereas underweight ethnic groups1. subjects reported to have loss of appetite, loss of As mentioned by WHO, taste, poor concentration, irritability and underweight and obesity are the common recurrent mouth ulcer. Subjects with increased health conditions in developed and in waist circumference, hip circumference, and developing countries. Inadequate intake, waist to hip ratio were presented with the symptoms of acanthosis nigricans and goiter. excessive losses, malabsorption, increased Thus it is essential for the college students to requirement, body image and self-esteem Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (www.gijhsr.com) 20 Vol.5; Issue: 1; January-March 2020 V. Bhavani et.al. “Signs are brisk when nutrients at risk, act fast before last!!”: a study on impact of nutritional intake on clinical manifestation level leads to underweight. Many factors vital organs, lack of growth and facilitates progression to obesity like development8. Micronutrient deficiency sedentary lifestyle, increased junk food largely goes unnoticed by the general consumption, decreased physical activity, public, by many decision makers and even high use of smart gadgets, improper diet by the affected individuals themselves9. habits, social history such as smoking and This is why this form of malnutrition is also alcohol and improper sleep patterns2. Global called ‘hidden hunger’10. Micronutrient diets have become rich in calories but can deficiency is mainly caused by lack of be poor in some essential nutrients. More balanced diet. While often providing enough and more people are becoming overweight calories, monotonous diets based on cereals and obese while failing to meet dietary and other starchy staple foods frequently fail nutrient requirements. As a result, to deliver the sufficient quantities of overweight and nutrient deficiencies exist. essential minerals and vitamins11. A report The latter sometimes known as ‘hidden published in British Nutrition Foundation hunger’. Both over-nutrition and under- (BNF) has re-confirmed that a huge nutrition are viewed as different forms of proportion of adolescents have been found malnutrition3. to have low intake of vitamins and minerals, The nutrients are mainly grouped in particular, Vitamin A, riboflavin, iron, into six classes that include carbohydrates, calcium and magnesium12 . fats, proteins, vitamins minerals and water4. The nutrients, carbohydrates, proteins and MATERIALS AND METHODS fats supplies energy. Nutrition can be Research Design: The research design for termed as the supply or provision of the present study is of experimental type. necessary materials that support life in cells Sampling Design: In the present research, and organisms. The recent nutrition the samples are selected by means of transition in developing countries from stratified sampling and simple random traditional fiber-rich diets to “western- sampling techniques. styled” fast-foods has be found to affect the Study Area: This study was conducted at dietary habits of young adults, such as three Arts and Science Colleges situated in students of universities and other tertiary North Chennai (two Government colleges institutions5. Drastic and speedy changes in and one government aided college). diets and lifestyles have occurred with Sample Size: This study was conducted growing industries, urban life, global among 1000 students. Among them, 500 marketing of goods and increase in participants were male and 500 participants economic development with people with were female. easy access to fast foods, luxurious and cost lifestyles. This trend is becoming more (i) Inclusion Criteria harmful for developing countries such as Consent: Willingness of the participants India6 . to participate in the undertaken study The main problem in the world is the was confirmed. foodstuff deficiency including Age: Participants aged between 19- 22 micronutrients. Estimates showed that more years were selected. than 2 billion people around the world are Gender: Both male and female affected by the lack of essential vitamins participants agreed on. and minerals particularly vitamin A, iodine, Permission: Permission was obtained and zinc. Nutrient deficiency is a risk factor from the concerned authorities of the 7 leading to global burden of diseases . A diet institution deficient in nutrients can cause health issues Stream: Government and Government ranging from tiredness, lack of energy to aided Arts and Science College students serious issues involving loss of function of were selected Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (www.gijhsr.com) 21 Vol.5; Issue: 1; January-March 2020 V. Bhavani et.al. “Signs are brisk when nutrients at risk, act fast before last!!”: a study on impact of nutritional intake on clinical manifestation (ii) Exclusion Criteria: (SPSS) version 20.0. Anthropometry, Participants with any other disease biochemical, clinical, dietary details were complication were excluded. correlated and results were interpreted. Pregnant and lactating women were excluded RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Participants taking steroids or immune Nutritional deficiency may impact suppressants were excluded from the both hair structure and hair growth. In our study. present study, hair loss is associated with Physically challenged students were deficiency of iron, protein and zinc with excluded. correlation coefficient values of .511, 461 Steps in conducting the study: and .176 respectively and this is also (a) Ethical clearance statistically significant at p<0.001. Ethical clearance was obtained from Hair follicles are made of cells that Universal Ethics Committee (UEC) before require hemoglobin. When there is no commencement of the study. sufficient iron to produce hemoglobin, deficiency occurs and oxygen cannot be (b) Permission from college authorities: transferred to the cells for growth and After selecting the colleges for research repair. Iron is involved in several critical purpose, permission was obtained from the physiologic processes within the hair follicle, suggesting that iron deficiency respective college authorities for conducting 13 the study. could disturb hair synthesis . Deficiencies of essential amino acids and nonessential 14 (c) Selection of Participants: are noted in participants with hair loss . As per the above-mentioned methodology Zinc deficiency may lead to changes along with inclusion and exclusion criteria, including hair loss and brittle hair. A study 1000 students were randomly selected from of 312 patients with male pattern