Model answer Phonology assignment Jean Mark Gawron Linguistics San Diego State University [email protected] http://www.rohan.sdsu.edu/∼gawron Model answerPhonology assignment – p. 1/9 Inuktitut iglumut to a house pinna that one up there ukiaq late fall anI female’s brother aivIq walrus iglU (snow)house aniguvit if you leave panna that place up there aglU seal’s breathing hole aivUq she goes home iglumit from a house inI place, spot anigavit because you leave ukiUq winter Model answerPhonology assignment – p. 2/9 Answer 1. Minimal pairs iglumut iglumit u ∼ i Inuktitut aiviq aivuq u ∼ i Vowel Chart ∼ ukiaq ukiuq a u i u aniguvit anigavit a ∼ u aglu iglu a ∼ i ani ini a ∼ i a panna pinna a ∼ i 2. Contrastive vowels: a, u, i 1. [i]∼[I]: [I] occurs at the end of words and before [q]. [i] occurs elsewhere. 2. [u]∼[U]: [U] occurs at the end of words and before [q]. [u] occurs elsewhere. Model answerPhonology assignment – p. 3/9 Hindi bara large bEd disagreement ¨ bari heavy bais twenty-two ¨ bina without b@s buffalo ¨ bir crowd bap father ¨ bori sackcloth bag part Environments ¨ b b The phones b and b have overlapping ¨ ¨ # a # a environments ( # a and # i) and therefore are NOT in complemen- # i # i tary distribution. They are separate # o # @ phonemes. # E Model answerPhonology assignment – p. 4/9 Mokilese pisan full of leaves uduk flesh ˚ tupukta bought kaskas to throw ˚ ˚ puko basket poki to strike something ˚ kisa we two pil water ˚ supwo firewood apid outrigger support ˚ kamwOkiti to move ludZuk to tackle ˚ i i u u ˚ ˚ p l p s t p # d The phones [i] and [u] occur between ˚ ˚ k # k s p k d k voiceless consonants. The phones [i] and [u] occur elesewhere. p d k t s p l d dZ k Model answerPhonology assignment – p. 5/9 Gascon 3 pairs of sounds Evidence that pairs are allo- g voiced velar stop phones G voiced velar fricative 1. Phonetic similarity (posi- b voiced bilabial stop tion) B voiced bilabial fricative 2. Non overlapping environ- d voiced alveolar stop ments: Complementary distribution D voiced interdental fricative g G b B d D # a i a # r i o # i u e a r i u # a o i # u¨ y E # u u E m r a e l e a o N w m o i a n e # u Model answerPhonology assignment – p. 6/9 Gascon (ctd.) Generalization for Gascon voiced stops: 1. Gascon voiced stops (b, d, g) have fricative allophones 2. The voiced stops become fricatives between vowels. Phonemic forms: /pugo/ /dedat/ /Sibaw/ /kr˜ambo/ Model answerPhonology assignment – p. 7/9 Swampy Cree The symbol : stands for vowel length. It is used in the chapter in Section 4.5 in the discussion of phonetic English vowel length (p. 85). 1. p and b are allophones of a single phoneme. b occurs between vowels. p occurs elsewhere. 2. Others t,d d occurs between vowels. t occurs elsewhere. k, g k occurs between vowels. g occurs elsewhere. tS, dZ tS occurs between vowels. dZ occurs elsewhere. 3. Swampy Cree stops and affricates all have voiced allophones. The voiced allophones occur between vowels. The voiceless allophones occur elsewhere. Model answerPhonology assignment – p. 8/9 Derivations in Swampy Cree UR # mitSihtSij # # tSi:kahikan # # mi:pit # hand axe tooth Voicing # midZihtSij # # tSi:gahikan # # mi:bit # Voicing # tSi:gahigan # PR [midZihtSij] [tSigahigan] [mi:bit] Model answerPhonology assignment – p. 9/9.