Challenges to INTERNAL SECURITY of India Third Edition About the Authors Ashok Kumar has completed his B.Tech, and M Tech. from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi. He joined Indian Police Service (IPS) in 1989 and has served in various challenging assignments in UP and Uttarakhand. He has also served in CRPF and BSF on deputation basis. Presently, he is posted as Director General, Crime, Law & Order, Uttarakhand. Before this assignment , he was Chief of Intelligence & Security, Uttarakhand. He received the UN Medal for serving in strife-torn Kosovo in 2001. He was awarded the Indian Police Medal for Meritorious Services in 2006 and President’s Police Medal for Distinguished Services in 2013. He has authored a path-breaking book titled ‘Human in Khaki’, which received GB Pant Award from Bureau of Police Research & Development (BPR&D), MHA. Recently, he has authored two more books, ‘Cracking Civil Services -The Open Secret’ and ‘Ethics for Civil Services’. Vipul Anekant has completed his B.Tech, from Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur. He was a student of Tata Institute at Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai. He joined DANIPS in 2012. Presently, he is posted as Sub-Divisional Police Officer, Khanvel, Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli. Challenges to INTERNAL SECURITY of India Third Edition Ashok Kumar, IPS DG Crime, Law & Order, Uttarakhand Vipul, DANIPS SDPO, Dadra & Nagar Haveli McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited Published by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited 444/1, Sri Ekambara Naicker Industrial Estate, Alapakkam, Porur, Chennai - 600 116 Challenges to Internal Security of India, 3e Copyright © 2019 by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers. The program listings (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited Print Edition: ISBN-13: 978-93-5316-717-2 ISBN-10: 93-5316-717-5 Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw Hill Education (India), from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw Hill Education (India) and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. Typeset at The Composers, 260, C.A. Apt., Paschim Vihar, New Delhi 110 063 and printed and bound in India at Cover Image Source: DAL Cover Designer: Creative Designer Visit us at: www.mheducation.co.in Write to us at: [email protected] CIN: U80302TN2010PTC111532 Toll Free Number: 1800 103 5875 The views and opinions expressed in this book are purely of the Author and not of any Government body or agency, the Uttarakhand Police or the Publisher. The book is published with the intention to only provide information related to the topics given in the syllabus of the Civil Services Main Examination. 1. Report of 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) 2. Report of Punchhi Commission 3. Annual Reports of Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) 4. MHA Website 5. Websites of various Security Forces likes BSF, CRPF, CISF, etc. 6. BSF publication—Man Who Saw Tommorow 7. National Disaster Management Plan The book has got excellent and overwhelming response from the aspirants. The main feedback about the book is that it is concise, logical, analytical and to-the-point. No book can ever be sufficient for CSE. This is an exam which requires you to think, analyse and express your thoughts in your own words. Mere reproduction is not going to get you through in this mega exam. You have to use your intellect to understand the question and then, write an answer in your own words which is concise, to-the-point and analytical in approach. So, no book can give you readymade answers for UPSC. Our attempt, as mentioned in the Preface to the 1 st Edition, is to provide a conceptual background to the aspirants, so that they can understand and analyse the issues. Aspirants have to keep themselves updated through Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) website and newspapers/magazines, especially on current issues of Internal Security and form their opinion and answers accordingly. Our only advice is that you should not get swayed by any particular philosophy or school of thoughts; instead you should have a balanced view point. National security should be supreme in your approach. No one should be above the Constitution and the Law of the land. In this third edition, we have mainly updated the chapter on Terrorism and on Kashmir. Though minor additions have been made in almost all the chapters. We have done away with annexure 4 and included the gist of it in chapter 12 (Disaster Management) itself. We have also added few maps to bring in more clarity to the readers. Also, more questions have been added at the end of each chapter. My whole hearted thanks to Aman Amit , without whom this revision would not have been possible. He is full of energy and comes up with the new ideas. Please email your feedback to [email protected] or you can post your feedback on my Facebook page ashokkumarips . With best wishes! Ashok Kumar Publisher’s Note: McGraw Hill Education (India) invites suggestions and comments, all of which can be sent to [email protected] (kindly mention the title and author name in the subject line). Piracy-related issues may also be reported. The idea of this book came to my mind when some aspirants appearing for the Civil Services examination approached me for guidance regarding the topics on Internal Security and Disaster Management in the new syllabus framed by the UPSC for the main examination. When I saw the syllabus, I realised that it may be quite cumbersome for someone who has not dealt with the topic at all. The syllabus has been so framed that it would not be easy for candidates to answer the questions related to the topic unless they have a reasonable depth of understanding of the subject. The syllabus covers not only the important aspects of the emerging challenges of internal security that India faces today, but its language was also highly technical. One could easily be misled about the areas that needed to be studied to cover the whole of the syllabus. One needs to have a deep understanding of the complex issues of national security to get a grip on the syllabus. When I discussed with these young aspirants about the syllabus and what they had been studying, I was surprised about the perception they had about the new syllabus. I found that the syllabus had not been interpreted in the proper perspective by the aspirants and many a times the focus was diverted from the real issues. This motivated me to write this book to help the young aspirants, so that they would not be misguided by the various coaching institutes and also would not have to spend hours surfing the internet, finding out the real meaning of ‘External State and Non-State Actors’ or ‘Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism’. Internal Security is a vast subject. India faces tremendous challenges on its internal security front. Kashmir and North-East have been long-standing problem areas, but more recently, the ugly face of terrorism has been raising its head all across the hinterland of the country. The problem has been aggravated by transnational organized criminals joining hands with various anti-India forces. Naxalism is now spread over 223 districts of the country which comprises almost one third of the whole country’s area and population. Apart from terrorism / extremism, we are also facing law and order issues due to various kinds of conflicts caused by communal, caste and ethnic tensions as well as regional aspirations. The new age technology like internet, mobile, social media has brought new challenges including the cyber security. The new age technology also makes it easier for the spread of various ideologies and hate campaigns. The Uttarakhand disaster of June 2013, that resulted in around 5000 deaths has demonstrated how poorly we are equipped in managing natural disasters of gigantic magnitude. Therefore, we have included a chapter on Disaster Management at the end. We have incorporated many invaluable recommendations made by the Administrative Reforms Commission (2nd ARC) so that candidates need not go through the whole ARC Reports for preparation of topics related to internal security. Apart from the ARC reports, we have also included suggestions from important Government Committees and Reports of MHA wherever necessary on matters related to internal security. I am sure that this book will give the young aspirants a fair idea of the security challenges that our country faces today. Our approach has been to explain the historical background, current status and the way forward to deal with these challenges. My efforts are to make this book most authentic on the subject to make it a valuable tool for aspirants preparing for the prestigious civil service examination in the country. This book is meant to provide a conceptual framework to understand and analyse the issues involved.