Comprehensive and Professional Solutions for all Heritage Related Matters CK 2006/014630/23 VAT NO.: 4360226270 REPORT ON A CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT ON HOLDING 181 RASLOUW AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS IN CENTURION GAUTENG & THE ASSESSMENT OF A GRAVE SITE TO BE RELOCATED FROM HOLDING 181 DUE TO DEVELOPMENT For: Morfin cc P.O.Box 12534 CLUBVIEW 0014 REPORT: APAC017/31 by: A.J. Pelser Accredited member of ASAPA April 2017 P.O.BOX 73703 LYNNWOOD RIDGE 0040 Tel: 083 459 3091 Fax: 086 695 7247 Email: [email protected] Member: AJ Pelser BA (UNISA), BA (Hons) (Archaeology), MA (Archaeology) [WITS] 1 ©Copyright APELSER ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTING The information contained in this report is the sole intellectual property of APELSER Archaeological Consulting. It may only be used for the purposes it was commissioned for by the client. DISCLAIMER: Although all efforts are made to identify all sites of cultural heritage (archaeological and historical) significance during an assessment of study areas, the nature of archaeological and historical sites are as such that it is always possible that hidden or subterranean sites, features or objects could be overlooked during the study. APELSER Archaeological Consulting can’t be held liable for such oversights or for costs incurred as a result thereof. Clients & Developers should not continue with any development actions until SAHRA or one of its subsidiary bodies has provided final comments on this report. Submitting the report to SAHRA is the responsibility of the Client unless required of the Heritage Specialist as part of their appointment and Terms of Reference 2 SUMMARY APelser Archaeological Consulting (APAC) was appointed by Morfin cc, in conjunction with AVBOB Funerals Johannesburg, to undertake the exhumation & relocation of a number of unknown graves (presumed older than 60 years of age) located on a site on Holding 181 Raslouw Agricultural Holdings, in Centurion Gauteng. The site and graves will be directly impacted upon by the proposed development of an educational facility on the property. As part of the assessment APAC also undertook a heritage assessment of the study area. A number of known cultural heritage sites (archaeological and/or historical) exist in the larger geographical area within which the study area falls. There are no known sites on the specific land parcel, except the identified grave site. The report will discuss the results of the desktop and field assessment and provide recommendations on the way forward at the end of the document. From a Cultural Heritage point of view the development may continue, taking into consideration the mitigation measures proposed in the report. The exhumation and relocation of the graves located here needs to be completed prior to any development commencing. This should only be done after a detailed social consultation process has been completed and the required permissions have been obtained. 3 CONTENTS page SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 3 CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... 4 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 5 2. TERMS OF REFERENCE ........................................................................ 5 3. LEGLISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS ....................................................... 5 4. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 8 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA ............................................................... 9 6. DISCUSSION .......................................................................................... 12 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................. 23 8. REFERENCES ........................................................................................ 24 APPENDIX A – DEFINITION OF TERMS .................................................... 26 APPENDIX B – DEFINITION/ STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE..............27 APPENDIX C – SIGNIFICANCE AND FIELD RATING............................... 28 APPENDIX D – PROTECTION OF HERITAGE RESOURCES......................29 APPENDIX E – HERITAGE MANAGEMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT PHASES....................................................... .......................... ..30 4 1. INTRODUCTION APelser Archaeological Consulting (APAC) was appointed by Morfin cc, in conjunction with AVBOB Funerals Johannesburg, to undertake the exhumation & relocation of a number of unknown graves (presumed older than 60 years of age) located on a site on Holding 181 Raslouw Agricultural Holdings, in Centurion Gauteng. The site and graves will be directly impacted upon by the proposed development of an educational facility on the property. As part of the assessment APAC also undertook a heritage assessment of the study area. A number of known cultural heritage sites (archaeological and/or historical) exist in the larger geographical area within which the study area falls. There are no known sites on the specific land parcel, except the identified grave site. The client indicated the location and boundaries of the study area, and the assessment focused on this. During the assessment of the area and the graves the specialists were accompanied by the client and property owner. 2. TERMS OF REFERENCE The Terms of Reference for the study was to: 1. Identify all objects, sites, occurrences and structures of an archaeological or historical nature (cultural heritage sites) located on the portion of land that will be impacted upon by the proposed development; 2. Assess the significance of the cultural resources in terms of their archaeological, historical, scientific, social, religious, aesthetic and tourism value; 3. Describe the possible impact of the proposed development on these cultural remains, according to a standard set of conventions; 4. Propose suitable mitigation measures to minimize possible negative impacts on the cultural resources; 5. Review applicable legislative requirements; 6. Assess and document the grave site & graves located on them and provide recommendations on the way forward in terms of the successful exhumation & relocation of said graves 3. LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS Aspects concerning the conservation of cultural resources are dealt with mainly in two acts. These are the National Heritage Resources Act (Act 25 of 1999) and the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998). 5 3.1 The National Heritage Resources Act According to the above-mentioned act the following is protected as cultural heritage resources: a. Archaeological artifacts, structures and sites older than 100 years b. Ethnographic art objects (e.g. prehistoric rock art) and ethnography c. Objects of decorative and visual arts d. Military objects, structures and sites older than 75 years e. Historical objects, structures and sites older than 60 years f. Proclaimed heritage sites g. Grave yards and graves older than 60 years h. Meteorites and fossils i. Objects, structures and sites of scientific or technological value. The National Estate includes the following: a. Places, buildings, structures and equipment of cultural significance b. Places to which oral traditions are attached or which are associated with living heritage c. Historical settlements and townscapes d. Landscapes and features of cultural significance e. Geological sites of scientific or cultural importance f. Sites of Archaeological and palaeontological importance g. Graves and burial grounds h. Sites of significance relating to the history of slavery i. Movable objects (e.g. archaeological, palaeontological, meteorites, geological specimens, military, ethnographic, books etc.) A Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) is the process to be followed in order to determine whether any heritage resources are located within the area to be developed as well as the possible impact of the proposed development thereon. An Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA) only looks at archaeological resources. An HIA must be done under the following circumstances: a. The construction of a linear development (road, wall, power line, canal etc.) exceeding 300m in length b. The construction of a bridge or similar structure exceeding 50m in length c. Any development or other activity that will change the character of a site and exceed 5 000m2 or involve three or more existing erven or subdivisions thereof d. Re-zoning of a site exceeding 10 000 m2 e. Any other category provided for in the regulations of SAHRA or a provincial heritage authority Structures Section 34 (1) of the mentioned act states that no person may demolish any structure or part thereof which is older than 60 years without a permit issued by the relevant provincial heritage resources authority. 6 A structure means any building, works, device or other facility made by people and which is fixed to land, and includes any fixtures, fittings and equipment associated therewith. Alter means any action affecting the structure, appearance or physical properties of a place or object, whether by way of structural or other works, by painting, plastering or the decoration or any other means. Archaeology, palaeontology and meteorites Section 35(4) of this act deals with archaeology, palaeontology and meteorites. The act states that no person may, without a permit issued by the responsible heritage resources authority (national or provincial) a. destroy, damage, excavate, alter, deface or otherwise disturb any archaeological