Baseline Survey of Minority Concentrated Districts District Report TAWANG Study Commissioned by Ministry of Minority Affairs Government of India Study Conducted by Omeo Kumar Das Institute of Social Change and Development: Guwahati VIP Road, Upper Hengerabari, Guwahati 781036 1 ommissioned by the Ministry of Minority CAffairs, this Baseline Survey was planned for 90 minority concentrated districts (MCDs) identified by the Government of India across the country, and the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi coordinates the entire survey. Omeo Kumar Das Institute of Social Change and Development, Guwahati has been assigned to carry out the Survey for four states of the Northeast, namely Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Manipur. This report contains the results of the survey for Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh. The help and support received at various stages from the villagers, government officials and all other individuals are most gratefully acknowledged. ■ Omeo Kumar Das Institute of Social Change and Development is an autonomous research institute of the ICSSR, New delhi and Government of Assam. 2 CONTENTS BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................................8 METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................................9 TOOLS USED ......................................................................................................................................10 A BRIEF PROFILE OF TAWANG .....................................................................................................12 2.1 AREA AND LOCATION ..................................................................................................................12 2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION ........................................................................................................12 2.3 RESOURCE BASE ...........................................................................................................................12 2.3.1 Population ...........................................................................................................................12 2.3.2 Sex Ratio ..............................................................................................................................13 2.3.3 Literacy Rate .......................................................................................................................13 2.3.4 Workforce ............................................................................................................................13 2.3.5 Education and Health .........................................................................................................14 2.3.6 The Human Development Index .........................................................................................15 2.4 THE ECONOMY .............................................................................................................................15 2.4.1 Agriculture ...........................................................................................................................15 2.4.2 Industries .............................................................................................................................16 2.4.3 Live stock and Veterinary Facilities ..................................................................................16 2.5 EMPLOYMENT AND GOVERNMENT PROGRAMME .......................................................................16 2.6 ROAD INFRASTRUCTURES AND CONNECTIVITY .........................................................................16 PROFILE OF THE SAMPLE VILLAGES ..........................................................................................17 3.1 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ..............................................................................................................17 3.2 SEX RATIO ....................................................................................................................................17 3.3 LITERACY RATE ............................................................................................................................17 3.4 FACILITIES ....................................................................................................................................17 3.4.1 Electricity ............................................................................................................................17 3.4.2 Drinking water ....................................................................................................................18 3.4.3 Toilet facility ......................................................................................................................18 3.4.4 Education .............................................................................................................................19 3.4.5 Health facility .....................................................................................................................20 3.4.6 Other facilities ....................................................................................................................21 3.5 VILLAGE ORGANIZATIONS ..........................................................................................................22 3.6 CROP PRODUCTIVITY STATUS ......................................................................................................22 3.7 INPUT STATUS FOR CULTIVATION ................................................................................................22 3.7.1 Current inputs .....................................................................................................................22 3.8 CREDIT .........................................................................................................................................22 3.9 MIGRATION AND EMPLOYMENT AND WAGE INCOME EARNING .................................................23 3.10 RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND BENEFICIARIES ASSISTED ......................................23 3.11 COMMON RESOURCE AND FACILITY USES .................................................................................23 RESULT OF THE BASELINE SURVEY............................................................................................27 4.1 RELIGIONS AND CASTE COMPOSITION .......................................................................................27 4.2 MOTHER TONGUE .......................................................................................................................27 4.3 AGE AND SEX ...............................................................................................................................27 4.4 HOUSEHOLD SIZE ........................................................................................................................27 4.5 MARITAL STATUS ........................................................................................................................27 4.6 EDUCATIONAL STATUS ................................................................................................................27 4.7 OCCUPATIONS AND EMPLOYMENT .............................................................................................28 3 4.7.1 Occupation and Industry ...................................................................................................28 4.7.2 Self-Employment Scenario .................................................................................................29 4.7.3 Additional Employment and Preference ...........................................................................29 4.7.4 Migrant Workers .................................................................................................................29 4.8 LAND AND OTHER ASSETS ...........................................................................................................29 4.9 LIVESTOCK ...................................................................................................................................30 4.10 OWNERSHIP OF PRODUCTIVE AND OTHER ASSETS ...................................................................30 4.10.1 Agricultural Implements ..................................................................................................30 4.10.2 Transport ...........................................................................................................................30 4.10.3 Non-agricultural Machinery Implements .......................................................................30 4.10.4 Modern Household Assets ................................................................................................30 4.10.5 Financial Assets ................................................................................................................31 4.11 HOUSING STATUS ......................................................................................................................31 4.11.1 House type and availability of living space ...................................................................31 4.11.2 Domestic lighting and fuel use .........................................................................................31 4.12.3 Drinking water facilities ..................................................................................................31 4.11.4 Sanitation and drainage facility ......................................................................................31