Inspiring Tomorrow U.S. Chamber International IP Index | 7th Edition February 2019 The U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Global Innovation Policy Center (www.theglobalipcenter.com) is working around the world to champion intellectual property rights as vital to creating jobs, saving lives, advancing global economic growth, and generating breakthrough solutions to global challenges. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world’s largest business federation representing the interests of more than 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations. This report was conducted by Pugatch Consilum, (www.pugatch-consilium.com) a boutique consultancy that provides evidence-based research, analysis, and intelligence on the fastest growing sectors of the knowledge economy. Authors of this report are Meir Pugatch and David Torstensson. Professor Meir Pugatch, Managing Director and Founder Prof. Pugatch founded Pugatch Consilium in 2008. He specializes in intellectual property policy, management and exploitation of knowledge assets, technology transfer, market access, pharmacoeconomics and political economy of public health systems. He has extensive experience in economic and statistical modeling and indexing, valuation of assets and design of licensing agreements, and providing strategic advice to international institutions, multinational corporations, and SMEs from all sectors of the knowledge economy. In addition to his work at Pugatch Consilium, he is an IPKM Professor of Valorisation, Entrepreneurship and Management at the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands, as well as the Chair of the Health Systems Administration and Policy Division at the School of Public Health, University of Haifa in Israel. He is author and editor of an extensive number of publications and serves as a referee and editorial board member of numerous peer review journals. David Torstensson, Partner Dr. Torstensson specializes in innovation, tax and intellectual property policy, with a particular focus on the health care, information and communication technology and content industries. He has wide experience in policy and economic analysis, as well as data sampling and creation of strategic operational and advocacy plans. He is the author of a number of academic and commissioned reports and publications and is the co-author of all 7 editions of the U.S. Chamber International IP Index. Copyright © 2019 by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. All rights reserved. No part of this work, covered by the copyrights herein, may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems—without the permission of the Chamber. U.S. Chamber International IP Index 7th Edition 1. FOREWORD The last two centuries have seen a radical and unforeseen transformation in the quality and longevity of human life. As we are caught up in the challenges facing the environment, we often fail to recognize how far we have come. In the words of Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker: “As we care about more of humanity, we’re apt to mistake the harms around us for signs of how low the world has sunk rather than how high our standards have risen.” We are at a turning point in history. Innovations in agriculture, manufacturing, health care, and technology coupled with an increasing abundance of creative work have lengthened and enriched our lives. These innovations reach every corner of the globe. We must harness the power of this rapid technological acceleration to address the world’s challenges and ensure that fewer and fewer of the world’s citizens are left behind. With this 7th edition, the U.S. Chamber International IP Index: Inspiring Tomorrow shows how intellectual property (IP) systems have been a driving force behind this transformation. Effective IP protections create a climate that drives the world’s innovators and creators to pursue a better tomorrow. Indeed, IP-driven innovation and creativity have ensured that our standards continue to rise. Consistent with its work on the Index, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce celebrates the ways that incentivizing investment in innovation has underpinned the hard won achievements in this age of IP-led technological advancement. Business leaders know from experience that what can’t be measured can’t be improved. Through the Index, we are measuring the global commitment to IP-led innovation and creativity. And through our Fair Value for Innovation platform, we are quantifying how far we have come. By harnessing the power of robust IP protection, we inspire the world’s innovators and creators to lead us to a better tomorrow. David Hirschmann President and CEO Global Innovation Policy Center U.S. Chamber of Commerce www.uschamber.com/ipindex | i Inspiring Tomorrow 25.00 20.00 35.00 30.00 45.00 40.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 Venezuela 7.11 10.28 Algeria 11.83 Egypt 12.00 Pakistan 12.35 Ecuador ii 12.87 | U.S. Chamber International IP Index 7thEdition ChamberInternationalIP Index |U.S. Indonesia 2019 OverallScores 13.55 Nigeria 13.81 Vietnam 14.50 Thailand 14.67 Kenya 14.96 Argentina 15.05 Ukraine 15.55 South Africa 16.20 Philippines 16.22 India 16.47 Saudi Arabia 17.31 Brunei 18.06 Peru 18.22 UAE 18.25 Brazil 19.08 Jordan 19.46 Russia 19.97 Chile 20.70 Colombia Turkey China Malaysia Costa Rica Mexico Morocco Taiwan Canada Israel Poland New Zealand Hungary Australia South Korea Italy Spain Singapore Switzerland Japan Netherlands Ireland Germany France Sweden UK U.S. Venezuela Algeria Egypt Pakistan Ecuador Indonesia Nigeria Vietnam Thailand Kenya Argentina Ukraine South Africa Philippines India Saudi Arabia Brunei Peru UAE U.S. ChamberBrazil International IP Index 7th Edition Jordan Russia Chile Colombia 21.09 Turkey 21.45 China 22.37 Malaysia 22.38 Costa Rica 23.94 Mexico 24.44 Morocco 28.05 Taiwan 29.88 Canada 29.89 Israel 29.94 Poland 30.63 www.uschamber.com/ipindex | www.uschamber.com/ipindex New Zealand 34.18 Hungary 36.06 Australia 36.06 South Korea 36.58 Italy 37.07 Spain 37.12 Singapore iii 37.25 Switzerland 39.48 Japan 40.07 Netherlands 40.24 Ireland 40.54 Germany 41.00 France 41.03 Sweden 42.22 UK 42.66 U.S. ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF IMPROVING IP PROTECTION Economies are 26% more TWICE competitive as likely to 55% produce and more likely 100 export complex, to adapt 80 knowledge- to sophisticated, 60 intensive state-of-the-art 40 products technology 20 67% 0 Share of workforce employed in knowledge-intensive sectors 53% is 67% higher more likely to employ high-skilled and high-paid workers 53% more likely to experience increased 30% R&D activity more likely to attract venture capital and private equity funds 33% more likely Over to receive Over 500 more 4 times more private-sector high-value inventions online and mobile investment in R&D per million population content generated activities 39% more likely 19 times more to attract foreign early-phase clinical trials investment U.S. Chamber International IP Index 7th Edition 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In a remarkably short time viewed in a historical generation of innovation, fuel the creation of 21st context, the lives of billions of people worldwide have century content, and create true knowledge-based been transformed for the better through innovation and economies. The 7th edition of the Index tells a story of creativity. Intellectual property (IP) systems have been investment in strong IP systems, even while populist the driving force behind this transformation, providing resistance continues to pose threats to the reliability of a legal framework of rights and responsibilities that has core IP rights in major markets. inspired the world’s innovators and creators to envision a better tomorrow and empowered them to secure it. The 2019 U.S. Chamber International IP Index creates a roadmap for countries that aspire to foster economic As governments increasingly invest in a legal and growth and global competitiveness through stronger regulatory framework that embraces robust IP IP. Now in its 7th edition, the Index benchmarks the IP protection and enforcement, they empower the next framework in 50 global economies. Algeria Ecuador Japan Peru Switzerland Argentina Egypt Jordan Philippines Taiwan Australia France Kenya Poland Thailand Brazil Germany Malaysia Russia Turkey Brunei Hungary Mexico Saudi Arabia UAE Canada India Morocco Singapore UK Chile Indonesia Netherlands South Africa U.S. China Ireland New Zealand South Korea Ukraine Colombia Israel Nigeria Spain Venezuela Costa Rica Italy Pakistan Sweden Vietnam The Index evaluates the IP infrastructure in each patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, economy based on 45 unique indicators, which commercialization of IP assets, enforcement, systemic are critical to the growth of effective IP systems. efficiency, and membership and ratification of The indicators span 8 categories of IP protection: international treaties. www.uschamber.com/ipindex | v Inspiring Tomorrow New indicators • Developing countries are on the move: Recognizing the benefits of robust IP Global technology transfers are crucial drivers of protection, a number of developing economies innovation. To facilitate technology diffusion and implemented reforms to bolster IP protection. access to innovative products and technologies, - In Asia, India’s score improved, climbing eight countries must have supportive and efficient IP places in the rankings from 44th in 2018 to frameworks for market entry and licensing of 36th in 2019. While broader challenges remain, rights. The Index includes four new indicators on the increase is a result of specific reforms that commercialization of IP assets and market access that better align India’s IP environment with the shed light on factors that either disrupt or facilitate international IP system, including its accession technology transfer in global markets: to the WIPO Internet Treaties, the agreement to initiate a Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH) • Barriers to technology transfer with Japan, a dedicated set of IP incentives for • Registration and disclosure requirements of small business, and administrative reforms to licensing deals address the patent backlog.