MEMBER REPORT ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee nd 42 Session (MALAYSIA) i CONTENTS Page 1.0 Overview of tropical cyclones which have affected/impacted Member’s area since the last Typhoon Committee Session 1.1 Meteorological Assessment 1 1.2 Hydrological Assessment 16 2.0 Summary of progress in Key Result Areas 2.1 Reduced Loss of Life from Typhoon-related Disasters 2.1.1 Meteorological Achievements/Results 19 JMA-MMD Storm Surge Model 2.1.2 Hydrological Achievements/Results 19 Improvement of Facilities 2.1.3 Research, Training, and Other Achievements/Results 20 Atmospheric Model Based Rainfall and Flood Forecasting System (AMRFF) On The Job Training National Slope Master Plan Study 2.2 Minimized Typhoon-related Social and Economic Impacts 2.2.1 Meteorological Achievements/Results 22 PRECIS (Providing Regional Climate for Impacts Studies) 2.2.2 Hydrological Achievements/Results 23 Flood Forecasting and Warning (Operation) 2.2.3 Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Achievements/ 24 Results 2.2.4 Research, Training, and Other Achievements/Results 24 2.3 Improved Typhoon-related Disaster Risk Management in Various Sectors ii 2.3.1 Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Achievements/ 24 Results Disaster Management Application System “999” Guidelines for Development Projects Reviewing the Directive No. 20 of the National Security Council (NSC) 2.3.2 Regional Cooperation Achievements/Results 26 Regional Cooperation 2.4 Strengthened Resilience of Communities to Typhoon-related Disasters 2.4.1 Hydrological Achievements/Results 27 Technical Advancement 2.4.2 Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Achievements/ 27 Results National Disaster Relief Trust Fund (NDRF) Cooperative Development 2.4.3 Research, Training, and Other Achievements/Results 28 Enhancement of Public Education and Awareness 2.4.4 Regional Cooperation Achievements/Results 29 Regional and International Platform 2.5 Improved Capacity to Generate and Provide Accurate, Timely, and understandable Information on Typhoon-related Threats 2.5.1 Meteorological Achievements/Results 29 Hardware and Software Upgrade 2.5.2 Research, Training, and Other Achievements/Results 30 Research and Training Information and Communication Technology (ICT) iii 3.0 Resource Mobilization Activities 32 Department of Social Welfare Establishment of Central Store ASEAN Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response Operations (SASOP) 4.0 Update of Members’ Working Groups representatives 34 iv 1.0 Overview of tropical cyclones which have affected/impacted Member’s area since the last Typhoon Committee Session 1.1 Meteorological Assessment From 1st of May 2009 to 31st of October 2009, 12 typhoons and 9 tropical storms had developed in regions from the Western Pacific, Philippines and to the South China Sea. The total number of typhoons and tropical storms this year being 21 is lower than the average value of 24.6 recorded for the last 58 years. The typhoons and tropical storms observed this year have been listed in Table 1. Details regarding their lifetime periods and area of development have been included in Table 1. Two (2) typhoons had developed over the Philippines and the South China Sea regions respectively, with the remaining eight (8) over the Western Pacific region. Four (4) tropical storms had developed in the South China Sea region, with the remaining five (5) in the Western Pacific. The typhoons and tropical storms, in Table 1, in bold had more impacts on the Malaysian weather particularly with respect to rainfall compared to other typhoons and tropical storms. The number of typhoon and tropical storm advisories issued by the Malaysian Meteorological Department is as in Table 2. The starting and ending dates of the typhoon and tropical storm advisories are also indicated in Table 2. Tracks of typhoons and tropical storms that were relatively closer to the Malaysian region are shown in Figure 1. No typhoon or tropical storm warnings were issued by the Malaysian Meteorological Department, as none of the typhoons or tropical storms was close enough to directly or indirectly cause significant loss of life and properties. Rain cloud clusters over the Malaysian region associated with the typhoons and tropical storms shown in Figure 1 are displayed using infrared channel imageries as shown in Figure 2. Images from the MTSAT – 1R geostationary satellite were used in Figure 2. The rain cloud clusters over the Malaysian region are mainly due to tail effects of some of the typhoons and tropical storms. These tail effects are generally responsible for enhancing the afternoon 1 convective over the Malaysian region, especially in northern Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. Most of the other typhoons and tropical storms which are not displayed in Figure 1 and Figure 2 are located relatively further away from the Malaysia region to have any significant impact on Malaysia. Rainfall events due to tail effects of typhoons and tropical storms are also depicted using daily rainfall charts of selected meteorological stations in Northern Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. The daily rainfall charts, which have been displayed for the months of May to October this year, are shown in Figures 3a to 3k. Some of these charts may not show significant amount of rainfall as depicted by the corresponding satellite imageries. This may be due to the large spatial variation of rainfall. Comparing between the various rainfall charts in Figures 3a to 3k, the impacts of the typhoons and tropical storms are generally more evident in regard to Northern Peninsular Malaysia than East Malaysia. For Peninsular Malaysia, northwestern meteorological stations are observed to have recorded higher daily rainfall compared to northeastern meteorological stations during the presence of typhoons and tropical storms in the South China Sea. The passage of the southwesterly winds feeding in to the typhoons and tropical storms, to a certain extent does influence the rainfall pattern on the western coast of East Malaysia, though to a lesser extent in comparison to northern Peninsular Malaysia. Based upon satellite imageries and rainfall chart data, Typhoons Chan-Hom, Koppu, Ketsana and Parma and Tropical Storm Soudelor had more significant impacts in term of weather in Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. The highest rainfall recorded was during Tropical Storm Saudelor. Rainfall amount of more than 40mm/day was observed in most meteorological stations of Northwestern Peninsular Malaysia, with maximum rainfall recordings of 80-90 mm/day for both Chuping and Bayan Lepas meteorological stations. Severe gusting incidences occur in Malaysia when typhoons and intense tropical storms are relatively nearer to Malaysia. This is mostly observed in Northern Peninsular and Sabah. An example is given in Figure 4, which shows 2 observation of gusting up to 26 m/s at the Kota Bharu meteorological station on the 30th of September 2009. During this time Typhoon Ketsana had made landfall in Indochina. Storm surges have been observed in Malaysian waters due to formation of typhoons and tropical storms in Western Pacific and the South China Sea. Typhoons Lupit and Mirinae in the Western Pacific during October 2009 had caused storm surges of nearly a meter in the waters of Northern Borneo. During the South-West Monsoon, presence of typhoons and tropical storms in the South China Sea strengthens the southwesterly wind flow in this region. Transboundary haze, which occurs in the Malaysia-Indonesia region during the Southwest monsoon usually becomes more enhanced when the southwestwards strengthens. An example of this is shown in Figure 5, where Typhoon Goni was present in the South China Sea area. The light brown thin layer shown in the figure over the Straits of Malacca, Peninsular Malaysia and the South China Sea represents haze. 3 Table 1 List of Tropical Cyclones and Storms and date of their Birth, Death and Life Time from 1st May 2009 to 31st October 2009 Tropical Cyclone Lifetime No. Class (JTWC) Birth Death Name (2008) (days) # 1 Kujira Typhoon 3-May-09 7-May-09 4 @ 2 Chan-Hom Typhoon 3-May-09 9-May-09 5 @ 3 Linfa Tropical Storm 18-Jun-09 22-Jun-09 4 4 Nangka* Tropical Storm 23-Jun-09 26-Jun-09 3 @ 5 Saudelor Tropical Storm 11-Jul-09 12-Jul-09 1 6 Molave* Typhoon 16-Jul-09 19-Jul-09 2 @ 7 Goni Tropical Storm 3-Aug-09 6-Aug-09 3 8 Morakot* Typhoon 3-Aug-09 10-Aug-09 7 9 Etau* Tropical Storm 9-Aug-09 13-Aug-09 3 10 Vamco* Typhoon 17-Aug-09 26-Aug-09 8 11 Krovanh* Tropical Storm 28-Aug-09 01-Sep-09 4 12 Dujuan* Tropical Storm 3-Sep-09 10-Sep-09 6 @ 13 Mujigae Tropical Storm 10-Sep-09 12-Sep-09 2 14 Choi-Wan* Typhoon 12-Sep-09 20-Sep-09 7 @ 15 Koppu Typhoon 13-Sep-09 15-Sep-09 2 # 16 Ketsana Typhoon 26-Sep-09 30-Sep-09 4 17 Parma* Typhoon 29-Sep-09 14-Oct-09 15 18 Melor* Typhoon 29-Sep-09 09-Oct-09 9 19 Nepartak* Tropical Storm 9-Oct-09 14-Oct-09 4 20 Lupit* Typhoon 15-Oct-09 27-Oct-09 11 21 Mirinae* Typhoon 27-Oct-09 2-Nov-09 6 Remarks: 1. Tropical cyclones that formed over * West Pacific Ocean (13 cases) # Philippines region (2 cases) @ South China Sea region (6 cases) 2. Tropical cyclones that have impacts on the weather in Malaysia are shown in bold. 4 Table 2 Number of Tropical Cyclone Advisory Issued from 1st May 2009 to 31st October 2009 No. Name Category Advisory Issued Start Date End Date 1 Kujira Typhoon 3 03/05/2009 - 07/05/2009 Storm 4 2 Chan-Hom Typhoon 5 03/05/2009 - 09/05/2009 Storm 10 3 Linfa Storm 8 18/06/2009 - 22/06/2009 4 Nangka Storm 7 23/06/2009 - 26/06/2009 5 Molave Typhoon 1 16/07/2009 - 19/07/2009 Storm 7 6 Goni Storm 6 03/08/2009 - 06/08/2009 7 Marakot Typhoon 8 03/08/2009 - 10/08/2009 Storm 4 8 Dujuan Storm 12 03/09/2009 - 10/09/2009 9 Mujigae Storm 7 10/09/2009 - 12/09/2009 10 Koppu Typhoon 2 13/09/2009 - 15/09/2009 Storm 2 11 Ketsana Typhoon 6 26/09/2009 - 30/09/2009 Storm 6 12 Parma Typhoon 15 29/09/2009 - 14/10/2009 Storm 40 13 Lupit Typhoon 19 15/10/2009 - 27/10/2009 Storm 7 14 Mirinae Typhoon 6 27/10/2009 - 02/11/2009 Storm 14 5 CHAN-HOM LINFA NANGKA SOUDELOR MOLAVE GONI MUJIGAE KOPPU Figure 1 Tracks of the ten (10) tropical storms and cyclones closest to Malaysia during 1 May 2009 to 31 October 2009.