DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK FOR IT PROFESSIONALISM Final report, January 2017 A document prepared for the European Commission: Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) and the Directorate-General Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW) by: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK FOR IT PROFESSIONALISM This service contract is carried out by Capgemini Consulting, Ernst & Young, and IDC. Service Contract: EASME/COSME/2014/012 For more information about this paper, please contact: European Commission, Directorate General Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs Unit F3 for Key Enabling Technologies, Digital Manufacturing and Interoperability E-mail: [email protected] Project lead: Niels van der Linden Principal Consultant, Capgemini Consulting E-mail: [email protected] This report was written and reviewed by: Niels van der Linden, Co Siebes (Capgemini Consulting), Francesca Bonazzoli, Marta Dimauro (EY), Gabriella Cattaneo, Marianne Kolding (IDC). The project team would like to thank all the experts from across Europe and the globe that contributed to this work through interviews, surveys, workshops, reviews and various bilateral conversations. In particular we would like to thank the steering committee that guided the project and provided an excellent platform for discussion: Fiona Fanning (Council of European Professional Informatics Societies), Frederic Lau (Cigref), Andrea Parola (European e-Skills Association), Eduardo Vendrell (Universitat Politecnica de Valencia), Frits Bussemaker (CIONET) and Adam Thilthorpe and Jeremy Barlow (BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT). A special note of appreciation goes to Juan Pablo Peñarrubia (CCII, Spain), Mary Cleary (ICS, Ireland), Marco Ferretti (Pavia University, CINI), Declan Brady (CEPIS a.o.) who were the driving forces behind the implementation activities in their countries and at EU level and great ambassadors for IT Professionalism. Disclaimer The information and views set out in this document are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the Information contained therein. © European Union, 2017. All rights reserved. A European framework for IT professionalism Page 1 of 207 Table of contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction 11 1.1 A call for action ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Project objectives ................................................................................................................. 13 1.3 Project approach .................................................................................................................. 14 1.4 Reading guide ....................................................................................................................... 15 2 State-of-play in Europe, USA, Canada and Japan........................................................ 18 2.1 Technology and business trends driving the demand for IT professionals .......................... 18 2.1.1 Technology Driven Business Transformation ........................................................................ 18 2.1.2 Underlying Technology Trends.............................................................................................. 19 2.2 Supply and demand of IT professionals in Europe ............................................................... 20 2.2.1 Forecasting supply and demand to 2020 .............................................................................. 21 2.2.2 IT professionals in France ...................................................................................................... 22 2.2.3 IT professionals in Germany .................................................................................................. 24 2.2.4 IT professionals in the UK ...................................................................................................... 25 2.2.5 The On-going Gender Issue ................................................................................................... 27 2.3 IT professionals – an international comparison ................................................................... 27 2.3.1 IT professionals in Canada ..................................................................................................... 28 2.3.2 IT professionals in Japan ....................................................................................................... 29 2.3.3 IT professionals in USA .......................................................................................................... 30 2.3.4 International comparisons of main trends ............................................................................ 31 2.4 Summary Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 32 3 Rationale for a European framework for IT professionalism ...................................... 35 3.1 IT professionalism is key for boosting the digital economy in Europe ................................. 35 3.2 Triangulation of IT professionalism, e-Leadership and KET skills ......................................... 37 3.3 IT professionalism in European countries ............................................................................ 39 3.3.1 IT Professionalism in Spain .................................................................................................... 39 3.3.2 IT Professionalism in Italy ...................................................................................................... 41 3.3.3 IT professionalism in Ireland ................................................................................................. 42 A European framework for IT professionalism Page 2 of 207 3.3.4 IT professionalism in the Netherlands .................................................................................. 45 3.3.5 IT professionalism in the United Kingdom ............................................................................ 47 3.4 Similar initiatives outside Europe ......................................................................................... 48 3.5 Canada: developing talent in a global digital economy ........................................................ 49 3.5.1 USA: incentivising public-private partnerships and strengthen STEM .................................. 50 3.5.2 Japan: discovering Young IT talent ........................................................................................ 51 3.5.3 Israel: inspired by innovation ................................................................................................ 51 4 Defining the European framework for IT professionalism .......................................... 53 4.1 The four building blocks of the European framework for IT professionalism ...................... 53 4.1.1 Competences: the e-CF ......................................................................................................... 54 4.1.2 Knowledge: Foundational IT Body of Knowledge.................................................................. 60 4.1.3 Education and certification (quality labels) ........................................................................... 64 4.1.4 Ethics: towards European Ethical Guidelines ........................................................................ 70 4.2 Creating synergies ................................................................................................................ 75 4.2.1 The European Framework for IT professionalism as a dynamic model ................................ 75 4.2.2 Structural and functional relations within the Framework ................................................... 76 4.2.3 Examples of synergies the Framework offers ....................................................................... 77 5 Target audience and stakeholders ............................................................................. 82 5.1 Target audience: IT professionals as prime beneficiaries .................................................... 83 5.2 Stakeholders: the IT professionalism ecosystem ................................................................. 87 5.3 Summary conclusions ........................................................................................................... 93 6 Implementation of the European framework for IT professionalism .......................... 95 6.1 The end goal and challenges regarding implementation ..................................................... 95 6.2 Professionalism is fundamental to the effective practice of IT ............................................ 96 6.2.1 Maturing the professional framework and the profession go hand in hand ........................ 96 6.2.2 Uniting diversity: encouraging progress at different levels .................................................. 97 6.2.3 Changing routines: it is not just a new template .................................................................. 98 6.2.4 Optimising effectiveness: balancing between enforcement and voluntarism ..................... 98 6.3 Overview of implementation activities at national level.....................................................