2018 Geograph Autumn Vol 103 Party 3 AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL • 125 years of the Geographical Association • Twenty-five years of progress in physical geography • Geographies of mobility • Local practices in Fairtrade’s global system Geography Vol 103 Part 3 Autumn 2018 © Geography 2018 Geography Editorial Policy and Vision Geography is the Geographical Association’s flagship journal and reflects the thriving and dynamic nature of the discipline. The journal serves the ‘disciplinary community’ including academics working in geography departments in higher education institutions across the globe together with specialist teachers of the subject in schools, academies and colleges. Our role is to help ‘recontextualise’ the discipline for educational purposes. To do this, we enable readers to keep in touch with the discipline, which can be challenging but also immensely rewarding. Likewise, it is beneficial for university academics to keep in touch with the school subject and its changing educational context. Geography contributes to this process by stimulating dialogue and debate about the essential character and contribution of geography in the UK and internationally. The journal spans the breadth of human and physical geography and encourages debate about curriculum development and other pedagogical issues. The Editorial Collective welcomes articles that: • provide scholarly summaries and interpretations of current research and debates about particular aspects of geography, geography as a whole or geographical education • explore the implications and consequences of changes in the subject and in education for the well- being and progress of geography at all levels • make meaningful and substantive connections between everyday life, public policy and geographical understanding and so help to widen participation and interest in geography • foster a critical and analytical approach to the subject and aim to challenge popular assumptions about place, scale and environment explore and develop opportunities to gain geographical insights from and develop synergies with other GA strategic partners • disciplines and new and unusual resources. Articles submitted should normally be one of the following types: • Main articles: substantive articles (3000–4000 words) with a clear focus, analysis and summary or conclusions. An abstract of 100–150 words should be included. Main articles will be peer reviewed. • Challenging Assumptions: short items (1000–2000 words) presenting a well-argued viewpoint that challenges existing ideas or throws new light on a current issue or debate. • This Changing World: short articles (1500 words) aimed at updating readers about a current topic, place, educational matter or trend. • Spotlight on…: short items (2000 words) focusing on a book, idea, approach, resource or technique and exploring its relevance and challenges for geography and geography education. For more information about writing for Geography, visit www.geography.org.uk/getinvolved/writingforthega Submit articles to: Dorcas Brown ([email protected]), The Geographical Association, 160 Solly Street, Sheffield S1 4BF Geography Editorial Collective: Dr Sue Brooks (Birkbeck, The authors alone are responsible for the opinions expressed University of London); Dr Matt Finn (University of Exeter); in their articles. Professor David Lambert (University College London, Institute of Education); Professor Katie Willis (Royal Holloway University Disclaimer: While every effort has been made to identify and of London); Professor Richard Yarwood (Plymouth University). contact the original sources, we apologise if there have been any inadvertent breaches of copyright. International Commissioning Editor: Professor John Morgan (University of Auckland). For advertising queries, contact Harriet Brookes Honorary Reviews Editor: Mr Hedley Knibbs ([email protected]) For copyright queries, contact Dorcas Brown Advisory Panel: Professor Alastair Bonnett Geography ([email protected]) (University of Newcastle); Dr Clare Brooks (University of London); Professor Noel Castree (University of Manchester); Geography is published by the Geographical Association (GA). Professor Brian Chalkley (University of Plymouth); Professor The GA is the leading subject association for all teachers of Tim Hall (University of Winchester); Mr Duncan Hawley; Mr geography. Our charitable mission is to further geographical Jonathan Hooton (Notre Dame High School, Norwich); knowledge and understanding through education. Our journals, Professor Andrew Kirby (Arizona State University); Professor publications, professional events, website and local and online Stuart N. Lane (University of Lausanne); Dr Alan Marvell networks support teachers and share their ideas and practice. (University of Gloucestershire); Dr Tracey Skelton (National The GA represents the views of geography teachers and plays University of Singapore); Dr Liz Taylor (University of a leading role in public debate relating to geography and Cambridge); Dr Chris Winter (University of Sheffield). education. www.geography.org.uk Production Editor: Dorcas Brown Copy Editor: Diane Rolfe Geography (print) ISSN 0016-7487 Designer: Bryan Ledgard Geography (online) ISSN 2043-6564 Cartographer: Kim Farrington The GA is a registered charity: no. 1135148 Print and bind Buxton Press, England Company number: 07139068 © Geography 2018 Geography Vol 103 Part 3 Autumn 2018 Contents Contents Editorial: 125 years of the Geographical Association David Lambert on behalf of the Geography Editorial Collective 114 125 years of the Geographical Association Peter Jackson 116 Twenty-five years of progress in physical geography: a personal view of its antecedents and trajectory Angela Gurnell 122 Geographies of mobility: a brief introduction Simon Cook 137 Everyday justice? Local practices in Fairtrade’s global system Agatha Herman 146 This Changing World The changing world of the Arctic Duncan Depledge and Caroline Kennedy-Pipe 154 Major European retailers and the circular economy Peter Jones and Daphne Comfort 162 Reviews Edited by Hedley Knibbs 167 113 Geography Vol 103 Part 3 Autumn 2018 © Geography 2018 Editorial the divergence of school and university geography is Editorial: 125 the Association’s growing interest during the first century of its existence in primarily educational matters (see Marsden, 1997) – and, indeed, years of the distinctly primary education since the introduction of the National Curriculum for geography in 1991. Thus the GA, as a ‘community of practice’ rightly is Geographical concerned with questions about the future of the discipline, but always within the context of its Association purposes and potential in educational settings. This is a very distinctive position, and in facing the challenges ahead Peter wisely counsels an outward- David Lambert. David Lambert facing attitude for the GA. Photo: © Bryan Ledgard on behalf of the Geography One of the (many) attractive aspects of Angela Editorial Collective Gurnell’s article ‘Twenty-five years of progress in It will not have escaped the attention of members physical geography: A personal view of its that the Geographical Association (GA) is 125 years antecedents and trajectory’ is the implicit use of old this year. The anniversary has been marked in what David Hicks (2007) has called the ‘extended many ways, including a display of archive material at present’ (p. 183), which encourages us to look both this year’s Annual Conference. Looking back into back and forward and see our lives in a temporal the ‘foreign country’ of the past can be illuminating, context. Thus, when the Editors invited Angela to yet reminds us of how many things remain the review the last 25 years of physical geography she same. While social, political, economic and rightly concluded that she could not, as ‘many environmental circumstances may change, recent developments have their foundation in sometimes radically, the need to express the earlier decades’, including some of the ‘truly strength and potential of the discipline, especially transformative changes in the discipline of physical as a school subject, remains constant. Likewise, geography’ (pp. 122–3) that took place in the the need to support teachers in developing their 1960s. Angela therefore takes the reader right back understanding of geographical perspectives on the to the ‘foundations’ of physical geography in the world, and to keep in touch, not only with each nineteenth century and provides a chronology and other but also with the dynamic, evolving discipline ‘trajectory’ in her incredibly useful tabulation of key itself, is of enduring concern. texts. The article provides a rich account of how the discipline has developed and makes observations This journal, which as Peter Jackson reminds us in on its contemporary significance, noting, for his wonderful overview article ‘125 years of the example, how research has shown the importance Geographical Association’ began its life as The of vegetation in river and floodplain environments, Geographical Teacher back in 1905, has identified and, more broadly, the trend towards multi- its enduring core purpose as helping to bridge the disciplinary study. This article, which should have gap between school geography and the dynamic, if enduring use as a source for teachers and somewhat unruly, discipline in universities. As Peter students, ends on a remarkably optimistic note and points out, concerns about the school-university a call to recognise the enormous potential of divide have been