• SunOS User's Guide: Customizing Your Environment • • • • • • • • • Sun Workstation and Sun Microsystems are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SunView, SunOS, and the combination of Sun with a numeric suffix are trade­ marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories. All other products or services mentioned in this document are identified by the trademarks or service marks of their respective companies or organizations, and Sun Microsystems, Inc., disclaims any responsibility for specifying which marks are owned by which companies or organizations. Copyright © 1990 Sun Microsystems, Inc. - Printed in U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical­ including photocopying, recording, taping, or storage in an information retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Restricted rights legend: use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. government is subject to restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 52.227-7013 and in similar clauses in the FAR and NASA FAR Supplement. The Sun Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun's licensees. This product is protected by one or more of the following U.S. patents: 4,777,485 4,688,1904,527,2324,745,4074,679,0144,435,792 4,719,569 4,550,368 in addition to foreign patents and applications pending. Contents Chapter 1 Overview ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. The SunOS Environment ............................................................................................ 1 1.2. Interactive Programs and Setup Files ................................................................... 1 1.3. Installing the Setup Files in Your Home Directory..................................... 2 1.4. Setting Up Your Terminal .......................................................................................... 2 1.5. The File System Hierarchy ........................................................................................ 5 Chapter 2 The C Shell and the . cshrc File .................................................... 7 2.1. Selecting C Shell Features .......................................................................................... 7 2.2. A Sample . cshrc File ............................................................................................. 8 Explanation of Command Lines ........................................................................... 12 Chapter 3 The C Shell and the . login File .................................................... 21 3.1. A Sample . login File ............................................................................................. 22 Explanation of Command Lines ........................................................................... 24 Chapter 4 The C Shell and the . logout File 27 4.1. A Sample . logout File 27 Explanation of Command Lines 29 Chapter 5 vi and the . exrc File ............................, •.... ;;;;.;; ... ;;; ... ;;",'" ........ ;;;., ... ",.;,'; 5 .1. Setting Options While in v i ............................................. ;;;; .... ~.:;........ ;;.;;.;:;.;; ......... ;,;.;;. 5.2. A Sample . exrc File .......................................................... ;" .. ,:':': .... ,,, .., ....... ,." .... ;;;;,,;.. .. Explanation of Command Lines ................................................ "", ..........: ................. 34 - iii- Contents - Continued Chapter 6 Login Access to Other Machines ........................................................ 37 6.1. Trust Amongst Machines on a Network ............................................................. 37 / etc/hosts .............................................................................................................. 37 /etc/hosts. equiv .......................................................................................... 38 Chapter 7 Mounting Remote Filesystems With NFS ...................................... 39 7.1. The mount Command ............................................................................................... 39 7.2. The /etc/fstab File ............................................................................................. 40 The umoun t Command ......................................................................................... 41 7.3. Options to mount and umount ........................................................................ 42 7.4. The Automounter ............................................................................................................. 43 7.5. Who's Mounting This System? showmount ............................................ 45 Chapter 8 Sharing Files UnderRFS ............................................................................. 47 8.1. Advertising Resources With adv ........................................................................ 47 Displaying Your Advertised Resources ........................................................... 48 8.2. Mounting Remote Filesystems ................................................................................ 49 What's Available? The nsquery Command .......................................... 49 Unadvertising With unadv ............................................................................ 50 The mount Command ............................................................................................ 50 Displaying the Current Mounts ....................................................................... 51 Unmounting With umount .................................................................................. 51 8.3. The /etc/fstabFile ............................................................................................. 51 Index ....................................................................................................................................................... 53 -iv- Figures Figure 7-1 A Sample fstab File ....................................................................................... 41 -v- Preface SunOS User's Guide: Customizing Your Environment describes the setup files for the C shell command interpreter and the interactive editor vi. (See SunOS User's Guide: Getting Started for tutorials on these topics.) Each of these files is read in automatically by the appropriate program, and contains commands and instructions to set up (or disable) various features of that program. Your environment is-loosely defined- the various options and features that affect how the system or interactive program responds to you. There is a sample of each setup file and a line-by-line explanation of its contents. Culled from a variety of expert users, these files contain some very convenient combinations of features and commands. Most importantly, these samples pro­ vide a starting point from which you can begin tailoring the system to your specific needs and style. Chapter 1 is an overview of various setup files and a description of how they are used by the interactive programs. Chapter 2 describes the . cshrc file for the C shell. Chapter 3 describes the .login file for the C shell. Chapter 4 describes the . logout file for the C shell. Chapter 5 describes the . exrc file for vi (and the line editor ex). Online copies of the sample files are located in: .cshrc /usr/lib/Cshrc . login /usr/lib/Login . logout /usr/lib/Logout .exrc /usr/lib/Exrc Other chapters describe how to mount file systems ffurri<remo~ln(lchines<with NFS and RFS, and how to use the automounter. -vii- 1 Overview If you have been using the system for a while, you have probably discovered features that you like and features you would like. The interactive programs that you have used so far have many optional features that you may not know about. This manual describes a number of these features and how to set things up so that you get the features you want automatically. 1.1. The SunOS When working with the system, the interactive program that is currently running Environment on your terminal provides a context in which you do your work. When you first log in, you are said to be "in" the command interpreter or shell. When you change directories, you are said to be "in" a new one. When using the text editor, you are said to be "in" vi. While in the shell, you typically run the commands described in the SunOS Reference Manual. When in vi, you typically use text editing commands to read and modify files, as described in Sun OS User's Guide: Getting Started. While in mail or Mail Tool, you typically use commands to read and dispose of messages, or to compose and post messages. The technical meaning of environ­ In keeping with this analogy, you can think of the environment as characteristics ment with respect to the SunOS of the system and the current interactive program that affect the way you work. operating system is more restricted: the environment is a body of infor­ When you change interactive programs (by running rna i 1 for instance), some mation that is inherited from the