Durham E-Theses `Nothing for the godly to fear': Use of Sarum Inuence on the 1549 Book of Common Prayer KRICK-PRIDGEON, KATHERINE,ANNE How to cite: KRICK-PRIDGEON, KATHERINE,ANNE (2018) `Nothing for the godly to fear': Use of Sarum Inuence on the 1549 Book of Common Prayer, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12868/ Use policy This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA) Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk ‘Nothing for the godly to fear’: Use of Sarum Influence on the 1549 Book of Common Prayer Katherine Anne Krick A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History Durham University March 2018 1 Abstract Katherine A. Krick – ‘Nothing for the godly to fear’: Use of Sarum Influence on the 1549 Book of Common Prayer This thesis examines the extent to which the Use of Sarum service books provided an evolutionary basis for the form and content of the 1549 edition of the Book of Common Prayer (BCP). This study focuses on the contributions of the Sarum books to the 1549 BCP from a book history viewpoint, addressing where necessary the religious and political issues, in order to better comprehend the ways in which such changes would have impacted Tudor people. First offering an analysis of the genres studied as the BCP’s antecedents, this thesis further surveys how governmental attitudes affected religious doctrine and practice in the service books of the English realm, during the vacillations of the 1530s and 1540s. It further contends that the transition from manuscript production to print production and the growth of the printing industry in England hardly altered how religious material was produced, despite the religious preferences of the producers. The five subsequent chapters argue that the legacy of the Sarum books in the Book of Common Prayer varies according to the selected themes. The first theme is that of marking time; we prove that although the calendars of service books were radically pruned, the methods for tracking time remained the same. The second theme looks at the use of vernacular and Biblical material, arguing that the use of English and of specific Biblical passages from Sarum services in the BCP were not radical differences. The third theme explores the rich devotional tradition of praying to the Virgin Mary and to the saints, attesting that while there is diminution, it was not strictly due to reformist ideals. The fourth theme examines the occasional offices of the Church, asserting that the considerable overlap outweighed the differences between the Sarum and BCP traditions. The final theme examines changes and continuities in the ways of preparing for death, contending that the impact of seemingly radical changes was lessened by the retention of optional practices. This thesis provides the codicological evidence that the 1549 Book of Common Prayer clearly derived from its Sarum predecessors, in ways that go beyond the simple paradigm of melding reformist and traditional interpretations. 2 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations...............................................................................................p.4 List of Tables and Figures.........................................................................................p.5 List of Illustrations................................................................................................p.5 Declaration........................................................................................................p.7 Statement of Copyright...........................................................................................p.7 Acknowledgements.................................................................................................p.8 1. ‘A failed sense of priorities’: An Introduction..........................................................p.9 2. ‘Look first of all at the books themselves’: An Analysis of Source Material.......................p.24 3. ‘What Squire Harry wills’: Tudor Religious Policy...................................................p.48 4. ‘Treasured private possessions’: Book Production in the Early Tudor Age.......................p.66 5. ‘Moments, hours, days, months, years’: Medieval and Tudor Constructs of Time..............p.98 6. ‘Not suitable for Church reading at all’: The Bible and the Vernacular............................p.119 7. ‘Loving friends’: The Blessed Virgin Mary and the Saints............................................p.153 8. ‘The Roman family of liturgies’: Occasional Services of the Church...............................p.190 9. ‘Rules and mechanisms of salvation’: Death and the Afterlife.......................................p.215 10. ‘Too fair-minded for the violent and bitter spirit of the age’: Concluding Remarks...........p.232 Appendix 1: Bibliographical Descriptions of the Case Studies………………………………………p.241 Bibliography.......................................................................................................p.273 3 List of Abbreviations BCLLR Brasenose College Library, Latham Room, Oxford BCP Book of Common Prayer BL British Library BLO Bodleian Library, Oxford BVM Blessed Virgin Mary CCCPL Corpus Christi College, Parker Library, Cambridge DCL Durham Cathedral Library DLB Bracken, James K. and Joel Silver, eds. The British Literary Book Trade, 1475-1700. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 170. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1996. DUL Durham University Library LP Gairdner, James and R.H. Brodie, eds. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII: Preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, and Elsewhere in England. Volumes I to XXI. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1898. ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. OM Oxford Movement PPP Davies, C.S.L. Peace, Print and Protestantism 1450-1558. London: Paladin Books, 1986. SJCUL St John’s College, Upper Library, Cambridge SotA Duffy, Eamon. The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, c.1400 c.1580. Second edition. London: Yale University Press, 2005. STC Pollard, A.W., G.R. Redgrave, W.A. Jackson, F.S. Ferguson, and Katharine F. Pantzer. A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, and Ireland: And of English Books Printed Abroad 1475-1640. Volume 2: I-Z. London: Bibliographical Society, 1976. Statutes The Statutes of the Realm: Printed by Command of his Majesty King George the Third. Volumes 1-4.1. 1810-1817. Accessed via MEMSO. TC MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Thomas Cranmer: A Life. London: Yale University Press, 1996. TCM MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation. London: Penguin, 2001. TRP Hughes, Paul L. and James F. Larkin. Tudor Royal Proclamations: Volume I The Early Tudors, 1485-1553. London: Yale University Press, 1964. Ushaw Ushaw College Library, Durham 4 List of Tables and Figures Table 1: Case Study Sources......................................................................pp.27-29 Tables 2-13: Comparisons of Biblical Texts……………………………………….pp.141-152 Table 14: Origins of Saints in Sarum Calendars……………………………………pp.187-189 Table 15: Case Studies and Legislative Acts....................................................pp.235-237 Figure 1: Social Network of English Printers...................................................p.84 List of Illustrations Photographs are taken by the author with the kind permission of the following institutions: Durham University Library, Ushaw College Library, York Minster Library, University of Iowa Special Collections. Photographs are taken by the author with the kind permission of the Masters and Fellows of the following: Brasenose College Library, St John’s College Library, Corpus Christi College Library. DCL photographs provided by Durham Cathedral Library. 1-2....................................................................................................p.45 3......................................................................................................p.99 4-6....................................................................................................p.103 7-8....................................................................................................p.104 9......................................................................................................p.105 10-11.................................................................................................p.110 12.....................................................................................................p.111 13.....................................................................................................p.112 14-16.................................................................................................p.116 17-18.................................................................................................p.117 19.....................................................................................................p.121 20.....................................................................................................p.125 21.....................................................................................................p.157 22.....................................................................................................p.159