Sts. SHV lift ,*2f SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY FOURTH SERIES VOLUME 12 Calendar of Papal Letters to Scotland of Clement VII of Avignon 1378-1394 Dr. Annie I. Dunlop CALENDAR OF Papal Letters to Scotland of Clement VII of Avignon 1378-1394 edited by Charles Burns ★ Annie I. Dunlop (1897-1973): a Memoir by Ian B. Cowan EDINBURGH printed for the Scottish History Society by T. AND A. CONSTABLE LTD 1976 Scottish History Society 1976 SIO^MY^ c 19 77 ,5 ISBN 9500260 8 5 Printed in Great Britain PREFACE The Great Schism, which originated in a disputed papal election, has always been regarded as one of the most crucial periods in the history of western Christendom, and to this day that election remains the greatest unresolved controversy of the later Middle Ages. The stand taken by the Scottish nation throughout the Schism was particu- larly significant, yet, until recently, Scottish historians had explored only inadequately the original sources existing in the Vatican Archives. During the academic year 1961-2, the University of Glasgow awarded me a research scholarship with the specific aim of examining the letter-books, or registers, of one of the rival popes, and of noting systematically all the entries concerning Scotland. A microfilm of this source material is deposited with the Department of Scottish History. This project was instrumental in introducing me to the late Dr Annie I. Dunlop. It won her immediate and enthusiastic approval and she followed its progress with lively interest. Only a few months before her death, Dr Dunlop asked me, if I was still working hard for Scotland ! This Calendar of Papal Letters of Clement vn of Avignon relating to Scotland is the result of that work. I am deeply honoured by the decision of the Council of the Scottish History Society to associate the present calendar and its companion volume with the memory of such a dedicated and distinguished Scottish historian. My sincere gratitude goes out to Monsignor Martino Giusti, Prefect of the Vatican Archives, for his permission to consult the original documentary sources, and to the Committee of the Ross Fund of the University of Glasgow for entrusting me with this research project. Help and encouragement have come from many colleagues and friends in Rome and in Scotland and to all of them I am deeply grateful. Deserving of special recognition are Dr Leslie J. Macfarlane, who first suggested the project; Dr Grant G. Simpson and Dr Donald E. R. Watt for their valuable advice during the early preparatory stages; Dr Hermann Diener of the German Historical Institute in Rome, with whom many of the problems connected with the records of the papal chancery were discussed. A special expression of thanks is reserved for Dr Ian B. Cowan, second only to Dr Annie I. Dunlop herself, for the interest he has shown in the preparation of this calendar and without whose patient and generous assistance it would never have reached completion. Vatican Archives CHARLES BURNS May, 1976 A generous contribution from the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland towards the cost of producing this volume is gratefully acknowledged by the Council of the Society CONTENTS Preface v Annie I. Dunlop (1897-1973): A Memoir Introduction xix Table of Abbreviations Ixi CALENDAR OF PAPAL LETTERS TO SCOTLAND I , r r r 'iff'TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT itr itr 'ith -ijih ilr 'it -ir itr ilr ilr \tr ifcr itr 'it 'it ’it ir it' 'if if 'if ANNIE I. DUNLOP a memoir by Dr Ian B. Cowan annie Isabella cameron was born on loth May 1897 at Glasgow, the eldest daughter of James Cameron and Mary Sinclair. Her father was a prominent civil engineer, whose many achievements included the building of the Glasgow underground railway system. Educated initially at a private school in Glasgow, she received part of her primary education at Strathaven Academy when her family moved from the city, but latterly attended the Glasgow High School for Girls before proceeding to the university of Glasgow from which she graduated ma with honours in history in 1919. After training as a teacher at Jordanhill College, she taught briefly in Sunder- land and Edinburgh, but quickly realised that her real metier lay in the field of historical research to which she turned her attention in 1922. The remaining fifty years of her life were to be devoted to this pursuit. Encouraged by the leading Scottish historians of the day, she quickly established herself as an expert record scholar. Under Professor R. K. Hannay, she embarked upon research for her phd at the university of Edinburgh and it was to his advice that she attributed her life-long interest in fifteenth-century Scotland. Her subject matter for the doctorate which she obtained in 1924 was in Hannay’s opinion ‘ a hard nut to crack, but well worth cracking’. Award of the phd degree only confirmed her interest in its subject matter and for many years her thesis continued to be expanded and implemented after visits to archives throughout Europe. Finally in 1950 the work emerged as a singular contribution to our knowledge of the period as The Life and Times ofJames Kennedy: bishop of St Andrews. To her great pleasure she was asked by the prefect of the Vatican archives, Angelo Mercati, to present a copy of her work personally to Pope Pius xn - a gesture which in her eyes fittingly rounded off the affection and respect with which she had come to regard Kennedy - ‘my bishop’. The intervening years between acceptance of her thesis and final publi- cation of its findings had been a period of prodigious activity. Initially she LETTERS OF POPE CLEMENT VII concentrated upon texts available in Edinburgh, and the editing of no fewer than three volumes of papers and correspondence which were to be pub- lished by the Scottish History Society between 1927 and 1932 testify to her diligence. In these endeavours she was encouraged by Principal Robert Rait of the university of Glasgow while other scholars quick to note her palaeographical skill were already encouraging her to venture further afield in search of Scottish material. The opportunity to do so came with her appointment as a Carnegie Research Fellow in 1928. On the suggestion of Professor J. H. Baxter of St Andrews university, the Vatican archives was her first port of call. This proved to be a fortuitous decision, and while wider historical interests were never neglected, the study of ecclesiastical history in these archives quickly developed into the work of a life-time. Timid by disposition, the decision to live and work in Rome for an extended period could not have been an easy one, but once made was entered into with resolution. She not only studied in the archives but also enrolled in the Vatican School of Palaeography under its then distinguished professor. Father Bruno Katterbach, ofm. It was he who on one occasion declared that whereas some of his students spoke precipitately, the signorina never spoke at all. Life in an almost entirely male preserve presented obvious difficulties and the self confession ‘ Many a time at first I could have fain run away, but being a dour Scot and a Cameron Highlander to boot, I held my ground’ reflects both the nature of the problem and the resolution of the writer. Perseverance brought its reward and she not only gained the coveted Diploma of the Vatican in Palaeography, but also acquired a life-long circle of friends both in Rome and throughout Europe. In Rome itself she quickly established links with her fellow Scots in the city through membership of the Scots kirk, the minister of which, Dr McKinnon, had found her lodgings on first arrival and continued to act as a friend and mentor. She in turn acted as librarian of the church for two years and thereby established links with the congregation and its successive ministers, and every Sunday when in Rome she was to be found in the little church in the Via xx Settembre. She was a cherished member of its guild and was proud of her membership card which stated that she belonged to the presbyterian church in the parish of Rome and presbytery of Italy. Her two and half years in Rome were not only happy but academically rewarding. A chance remark by a German scholar led her to examine the Registers of Supplications in relation to petitions made by Scots to the Pope. An equally fortuitous meeting with the Honourable E. R. Lindsay, who had also come to study this series led to fruitful editorial collaboration and the publication by the Scottish History Society of a volume of such petitions in 1934. Thereafter, a study of this series became the object of all future ANNIE I. DUNLOP, 1897-1973 xi visits to the archives. Single-handed she eventually examined some seven hundred of these volumes which were themselves so massive that her diminutive frame could scarcely be seen behind them. The results of her endeavours are now lodged in the Department of Scottish History in the University of Glasgow and as she wished are freely available for consul- tation by scholars seeking to continue her researches. Her own studies were by no means confined to Rome, however, and visits to libraries and archives in Munich, Florence, Paris and Vienna became something in the nature of an academic pilgrimage to other repositories throughout Europe - Dijon, Innsbruck, Bruges, Middelburg and Veere. Other visits were stimulated by the desire to see old friends. Attendance at the International Historical Congress in Poland in 1933 brought not only a devious journey as her Polish ship skirted the coast of Denmark rather than enter the Kiel Canal, but also brought a revival of friendships initiated inRome.