2nd Philippine Koreanist Congress 1 2nd Philippine Koreanist Congress 2 Mapping the Korean Diaspora in the Philippines 3 2nd Philippine Koreanist Congress The 2nd Philippine Koreanist Congress “Mapping the Korean Diaspora in the Philippines: 70-year History and Friendship in Retrospect” Booklet Published by UP Korea Research Center Cover Design by Elsie Marie Or Layout Assistance by Jeanette Garcia Printed in AC Prints, Maginhawa St., Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines Copyright © 2019 by the UP KRC The 2nd Philippine Koreanist Congress was supported by the Academy of Korean Studies Korean Studies Promotion Service (Project Number: AKS-2019-C29). The views expressed in each paper are those of the authors of the paper. They do not necessarily represent or reflect the views of the UP KRC or of the University of the Philippines. On April 27th 2016, the University of the Philippines launched the Korea Research Center aiming to provide Filipino scholars and researchers with opportunities to widen their interest in Korean studies. UP KRC provides a venue for Filipino scholars and professionals to produce meaningful comparative researches and also link Korean academic institutions and Korean community organizations in the Philippines in order to promote collaborative partnerships. UP KRC serves as a university-wide hub that will help promote and develop Korean Studies in the University and the country. It sponsors interdisciplinary and inter-college research and education activities on Korean studies, as well as facilitates the training of the next generation of Koreanists in the country. Address : G/F Asian Institute of Tourism, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines Email : [email protected] Facebook: www.facebook.com/UPKRC 4 Mapping the Korean Diaspora in the Philippines PROGRAM TIME PROGRAM SPEAKER ACTIVITY 9:00-10:00 Registration 10:00-10:05 National Anthem Welcome Teodoro J. Herbosa, MD, FPCS, FPCEP 10:05-10:10 Remarks Executive Vice President, University of the Philippines Congratulatory Maruja Asis, Ph.D. 10:10-10:15 Remarks Executive Director, Scalabrini Migration Center Opening Aldrin Lee, Ph.D. 10:15-10:20 Remarks OIC-Director, UP Korea Research Center Chulwoo Lee, Ph.D. How does diaspora engagement Keynote 10:20-11:20 Professor, Yonsei reshape citizenship and nation- speaker University statehood? 11:20-11:50 Open Forum 11:50-12:00 Certificate awarding & Photo-ops 12:00-1:00 Lunch Break Immersion & Emergence of Korean Community in the Session 1 Philippines Prof. Raymund Abejo Discovering Korea from the Philippine Department of History, modern history University of the Philippines The Philippines as a Receiving Society Bubbles Beverly Asor, Ph.D. 1:00-2:00 and its Immigration Regimes: An Department of Sociology, ‘Unlikely Home’ for Korean De La Salle University Communities Building Cross-cultural Competence for Antonio Miranda People-to-People Ties: The Landscape Foreign Service Institute, of Korean Communities in the Department of Foreign Affairs Philippines Open Forum 2:00-2:20 Certificate awarding & Photo-ops Session 2 Futuristic Partnership after 70-year Ties Korean-Filipino Marriage: Towards an Normi Son Understanding of Interracial Longevity Kopino Children’s Association Inc. and Developing Key Policies A Brotherhood Kept Alive: Examining Oliver Quintana Korean Communities’ Social 2:20-3:20 Political Science Department, Involvement in the Philippines and its Ateneo de Manila University Potential Role in Institutionalizing National Memory Danirose Salazar, Ph.D. Status of Bilateral Trade between the School of Business, Republic of Korea and the Philippines University of the Philippines Open Forum 3:20-3:40 Certificate awarding & Photo-ops 3:40-4:50 Session 3 Breakout Workshop 3:40-4:10 Discussion Group discussion 4:10-4:40 Presentation Culminating outcomes 4:40-4:50 Synthesis & Closing Dr. Aldrin Lee, OIC-Director, UP KRC End of Program 5 2nd Philippine Koreanist Congress 6 Mapping the Korean Diaspora in the Philippines KEYNOTE LECTURE How does diaspora engagement reshape citizenship and nation-statehood? Chulwoo Lee, Ph.D. Yonsei University I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the University of the Philippines and its Korea Research Center for inviting me to this marvelous event. Ms. Kyung Min Bae of the Korea Research Center has taken care of all procedural matters for my appearance on this podium in a very kind and meticulous manner, and I greatly appreciate her efforts. The Philippines is like a second home to me, since my family lived here for seven years until 2014. The Philippines is also a very important country to me as a migration scholar. It is not only because of the position of the Philippines in the global migration circuit, but also because the country has a highly renowned migration scholarship, which is exemplified by the great role played by the Scalabrini Migration Center directed by Dr. Maruja Asis, who is with us today. I believe this conference will greatly contribute to strengthening the collaboration between the migration studies circles in the Philippines and Korea, and I feel very honored to be part of it. For this event, I have been requested to speak about aspects of diaspora policy in this era of global migration. Both the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Korea are known for having large diasporic populations outside of the country. According to Philippine government statistics, 9.1 million Filipinos were living outside of the Philippines in 2015, when the Philippine population was recorded to be 100.9 million.1 While the Philippines is reported to be one of the top 10 countries of origin with the largest diasporas, Koreans claim that their country is as prominent a source country of emigrants as the Philippines, with the total number of Koreans abroad reaching 7.2 million in 2015.2 The experiences of the two countries merit a serious comparative study, but in my speech I am going to do something different. I would like to talk about issues which arise from changes taking place in many parts of the globe and which stimulate our general conceptual understanding of the world in which we live. In this speech, I would like to bring into light some interesting features of diaspora engagement policies deployed by various countries and share with you my ideas about how those changes reshape the notion and institution of citizenship and the international order composed of nation-states as its fundamental units. I will focus my talk on three politico-legal aspects of diaspora engagement – (i) the participation of the diaspora in the politics of the state of origin, (ii) the incorporation of the diaspora into the citizenry of the state of origin by tolerating dual citizenship, and 1 Philippine Statistics Authority / Commission on Filipinos Overseas, “Philippine International Migration Data,” UN Regional Workshop on Strengthening the Collection and Use of International Migration Data in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Bangkok, 31 January – 3 February 2017, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/meetings/2017/bangkok--international-migration- data/Session%203/Session%203%20Philippines.pdf. 2 Jaeoe dongpo jeongeui mit hyeonhwang [Overseas Koreans: Definition and Current State], http://www.mofa.go.kr/www/wpge/m_21507/contents.do. 7 2nd Philippine Koreanist Congress (iii) the creation of a special diaspora status and preferential treatment of the holders of that status vis-à-vis other foreigners by reason of their ethnic or national origin. To begin with, I must speak a little bit about the concept of diaspora. The term diaspora comes from the Greek word speiro, meaning “to sow,” and dia, meaning “over,”3 and has come to denote the dispersion of people or a population that has been separated from their homeland as a result of dispersion. While the term in its original lexicon is applied to populations displaced from their homeland through some catastrophic processes, such as Jews, Armenians and Palestinians, its usage has expanded to embrace groups that have various other backgrounds, such as trade, as in the cases of the Chinese and Indian diasporas. Nowadays, the term is so loosely used that it often encompasses all groups of emigrants and expatriates. Both Filipinos and Koreans apply the term diaspora to the “Filipinos overseas” and “overseas Koreans” respectively. Even British expatriates call themselves the British diaspora. Many states try to engage with their diasporas. The Philippines has a government agency named the Commission on Filipinos Overseas (Komisyon sa mga Filipino sa ibayong dagat). Korea also has an “overseas Koreans policy.” It is administered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with much of its work carried out by the Overseas Koreans Foundation (Jaeoe dongpo jaedan). Among the diaspora engagement policies adopted by many states are various ways of economic incorporation, such as creating incentives for remittances and investment, and cultural incorporation, such as supporting language education for younger generation expatriates. It is often believed that diaspora engagement policies are unique to less-developed emigrant- sending countries or countries with traumatic historical backgrounds of dispersion. Comparative studies show that it is not true. Even immigration countries such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom either have developed engagement programs or are under pressure to develop such programs.4 In 1999 and 2004, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council