4-H 17-1 9-01 H H H H Authors Ronald A. Howard Jr. Professor and Extension 4-H and Youth Development Specialist The Texas A&M University System and Lisa Whittlesey Extension Program Specialist-Horticultural Sciences The Texas A&M University System Acknowledgments The development of this curriculum has involved the cooperation and support of many individuals, agencies and organizations. Financial support was provided by the Texas Water Resources Institute, the Association of Texas Soil and Water Conservation Districts Public Information and Education Committee, and Texas Cooperative Extension. Special thanks to Tricia Davis for her willingness to coordinate the coalition, Clyde Gottschalk for his unflagging dedication to seeing the project through to completion, and Gail Chandler for consistency and dili- gence in meeting with the committee and providing much needed information and support. Many others contrib- uted to the developmental process, and the authors extend their thanks and appreciation on behalf of the Texas 4-H Program and the youth of Texas. Principal support for the project came from the following sources (listed alphabetically): Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA) South Plains Underground Water Conservation District Texas Cooperative Extension Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Texas Association of Soil and Water Conservation Districts Texas Education Agency Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board Texas Water Development Board Texas Water Resources Institute (Texas A&M University System) Reviewers and field testers included many teachers, most of whom remained anonymous, as well as professionals in several agencies. Special thanks are extended to Clyde Gottschalk (TASWCD), Amy Howard (6th grade science teacher), Gene Lindemann (NRCS—Texas), John Sweeten (TAES), and to the aquatic science teachers in the Rio Grande Valley who critiqued the program through their participation in a training workshop. The authors regret that all of those who provided written or verbal comment on the draft version of the text cannot be acknowledged here. Your service was vital to completion of the guide. Permission to use content or illustrations was provided by: Cornell Cooperative Extension: Pond and Stream Safari (4-H Leader’s Guide 147-L-24) by Karen Edelstein, and the Sportfishing and Aquatic Education Manual (SAREP) edited by Bruce Matthews Georgia Cooperative Extension: Investigation H2O Texas Water Development Board: Watershed and Aquifer Maps Original artwork was provided by of Chris Holle of Temple, Texas, with funding support from the Texas Associa- tion of Soil and Water Conservation Districts through the Educational Committee. Ron Howard developed computer graphics in support of the content as well. Funding for this publication was provided by the Texas Water Resources Institute. Cherie LeBlanc, Typesetting and design Gale Norman, Editor Agricultural Communications, Texas Cooperative Extension i Contents Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................................... i Contents ................................................................................................................................................................... ii Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................ iv Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills ................................................................................................................... v References ............................................................................................................................................................ viii Agencies to Contact for More Information ...................................................................................................... ix Lesson 1 Water in Our Daily Lives ........................................................................................................................ 1 Fact Sheet 1.1, Cycles .............................................................................................................................. 7 Activity 1.1, Calculating Average Water Costs ........................................................................................ 9 Lesson 2 Water: A Look Inside the Drop .......................................................................................................... 11 Activity 2.1, Opposites Attract. .............................................................................................................. 15 Activity 2.2, How Much Can It Take? ................................................................................................... 17 Record Sheet 2.2, How Much Can It Take? ........................................................................................... 19 Activity 2.3, Sink or Swim..................................................................................................................... 21 Lesson 3 Water: State It Like It Is .................................................................................................................... 25 Activity 3.1, Camouflage Water............................................................................................................. 31 Activity 3.2, Liquid Layers .................................................................................................................... 33 Activity 3.3, Carrot Float ....................................................................................................................... 35 Activity 3.4, Funny Funnel .................................................................................................................... 37 Activity 3.5, Break Out .......................................................................................................................... 39 Activity 3.6, Hold in the Heat ................................................................................................................ 41 Activity 3.7, Pressure Points .................................................................................................................. 43 Lesson 4 The Water Cycle ................................................................................................................................... 45 Fact Sheet 4.1, Recycled ........................................................................................................................ 51 Activity 4.1, Any Way You Slice It ........................................................................................................ 53 Activity 4.2, Around and Around We Go ............................................................................................... 55 Record Sheet 4.2, Around and Around We Go ...................................................................................... 57 Activity 4.3, See How it Runs................................................................................................................ 59 Record Sheet 4.3, See How it Runs ....................................................................................................... 61 Activity 4.4, A Groundwater Drink ........................................................................................................ 63 Activity 4.5, Cloud Maker ..................................................................................................................... 65 Activity 4.6, What Goes Up . Must Come Down .............................................................................. 67 Activity 4.7, Hydrologic Puzzle ............................................................................................................. 69 Record Sheet 4.7, Hydrologic Puzzle .................................................................................................... 71 Activity 4.8, Living in a Bubble World.................................................................................................. 73 Activity 4.9, Water Bingo ...................................................................................................................... 75 Lesson 5 Amazing Aquifers .................................................................................................................................. 85 Activity 5.1, Abracadabra Aquifer ......................................................................................................... 89 Record Sheet 5.1, Abracadabra Aquifer ................................................................................................. 91 Activity 5.2, Sandwiched Between ........................................................................................................ 93 Lesson 6 The Fabulous Duo: Watersheds and Wetlands ................................................................................. 95 Activity 6.1, Lone Star Watersheds...................................................................................................... 105 Activity 6.1, Answer Key Lone Star Watersheds ................................................................................. 107 Activity 6.2, Watershed Come Alive .................................................................................................... 109 Record Sheet 6.2, Watershed Come Alive ..........................................................................................