1/16/2014 The Skull • Neurocranium • Facial bones – “Brain Box” • 14 bones • 8 bones • Protects delicate sense organs - Head & Face • Protects brain & house ear - smell, taste, vision ossicles,muscle attachment for support entrances to digestive jaw, neck & facial muscles and respiratory systems – Frontal bone – Lacrimal bones (2) – Parietal bones (2) – Nasal bones (2) – Temporal bones (2) – Maxillae (2) Aaron Terranova, EdD, ATC, LAT – Occipital bone – Zygomatic bones (2) – Sphenoid bone – Palatine bones (2) – Ethmoid bone – Inferior nasal conchae (2) – Mandible – Vomer Skull bones Anterior • Frontal • Metopic suture • Glabella • Zygomatic • Nasion • Maxillae • Supraorbital margin • Mandible • Zygomatic • Temporal • Nasal septum • Maxillae • Sphenoid • Alveolar • Occiput processes • Mandible • Parietal Lateral Sphenoid • Temporal • Parietal • External acoustic meatus • Temporal fossa • Sphenoid (greater wing) • Zygomatic arch • Mastoid process • Styloid process • Body • Ramus 1 1/16/2014 Posterior Sutures • Occiput • Coronal: Separates the frontal and parietal • External bones occipital • Sagittal: Separates the parietal bones protuberance • Lambdoid: Separates parietal and • Superior temporal from the occipital nuchal line • Bregma: Intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures • Vertex-most superior point of skull Cranial Meninges Cranial nerves CN 1 – Olfactory = smell CN 2 – Optic = visual acuity, visual field CN 3 – Oculomotor = pupillary reaction CN 4 – Trochlear = eye movement CN 5 – Trigeminal = facial sensation, open mouth CN 6 – Abducens = lateral eye movement 2 1/16/2014 Cranial Nerves cont. To remember the Cranials CN 7 – Facial = facial expression, taste • O O O, To Touch And Feel A Genuine Virgin CN 8 – Acoustic (vesibulocochlear) = hearing & At Home balance • Some Say Marilyn Monroe, But My Brother CN 9 – Glossopharyngeal = swallowing & voice Says Betty Boop, Mmmm, Mmmmm. CN 10 – Vagus = gag reflex CN 11 – Spinal Accessory = neck motion – S=sensory (Olfactory is sensory:smelling) (shrug) – M=motor (Oculomotor is motor: pupil reaction) CN 12 – Hypoglossal = tongue mvmt & – B= both sensory and motor (Trigeminal is both: strength facial sensation and mouth movement) The Orbit Can you name the bones? • 4 walls – Orbital part of frontal bone (roof) – Ethmoid bone (medial wall) – Maxilla and zygomatic bones (floor) – Frontal process of zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid (lateral wall) • Apex – Optic canal in sphenoid bone Sinus Tempomandibular joint • Type of synovial joint – Condyle of mandible – Articular tubercle of temporal bone – Mandibular fossa – Loose articular capsule – 2 synovial membranes • Superior to disc • Inferior to disc • 5 motions – Depression, elevation, protrusion, retrusion, lateral movement 3 1/16/2014 Anterior aspect of neck • Hyoid bone – Above thyroid cartilage, opposite of C3 • Thyroid cartilage – Adam’s apple, opposite C4, lower portion – C5 • First cricoid ring (part of trachea) – Inferior to sharp lower border of thyroid cartilage, opposite C6 • Carotid tubercle – C6 Triangles of the neck • 2 main (anterior and posterior) • Carotid triangle is enclosed in anterior triangle Blood Supply 1. Common carotid artery. 2. Subclavian artery. 3. Internal thoracic artery. 4. Thyrocervical trunk. 5. Suprascapular artery. 6. Inferior thyroid artery. 7. Vertebral artery. 8. Internal carotid artery. 9. Superior thyroid artery. 10. Lingual artery. 11. Facial artery. 12. Maxillary artery. 13. Superficial temporal artery. 14. Occipital artery. 4 1/16/2014 MUSCLES Muscles of the Axial Skeleton Facial Muscles • Responsible for: • Well-developed – Facial expression musculture – Mastication • Superficial scalp, face, – Eye movement neck – Tongue movement • Innervated by facial – Neck movement nerves – respiration • Most movement occurs around the eyes, nostrils or mouth Mastication Muscles Temporalis • Temporalis • Masseter • Lateral pterygoid 5 1/16/2014 Masseter Ocular Muscles • Eyeball is controlled by 6 extrinsic muscles • Four rectus – Superior – Inferior – Lateral – Medial • Oblique – Superior – Inferior Neck Muscles Sternocleidomastoid • Functions: – Support and move the head – Attached to structures within the neck • Major Muscles – Sternocleidomastoid – Trapezius – Scalenes (A, M,P) – Levator Scapulae Trapezius (upper) Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) 6 1/16/2014 Levator Scapulae 7 .