0727918133_1_pretoc.qxd 4/26/05 3:16 PM Page i Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ABC OF SPORTS AND EXERCISE MEDICINE Third Edition www.Ebook777.com 0727918133_1_pretoc.qxd 4/26/05 3:16 PM Page ii Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ABC SERIES • Serialised and peer reviewed in BMJ • Heavily illustrated ‘slide show’ of information • Covering most subjects in all the major specialties Lively and up-to-date source of knowledge for those in primary care and family practice, for junior doctors and students. The two-column layout, with relevant illustrations alongside the text, makes each ABC title the most effective tool for rapid assimilation and understanding. For further information on the whole ABC series please visit www.bmjbooks.com www.Ebook777.com 0727918133_1_pretoc.qxd 4/26/05 3:16 PM Page iii ABC OF SPORTS AND EXERCISE MEDICINE Third Edition Edited by GREGORY P WHYTE Olympic Medical Institute, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex MARK HARRIES Olympic Medical Institute, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex and CLYDE WILLIAMS Professor of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Loughborough 0727918133_1_pretoc.qxd 4/26/05 3:16 PM Page iv © 1995, 2000 BMJ Books © 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd BMJ Books is an imprint of the BMJ Publishing Group Limited, used under licence Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148-5020, USA Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of the Authors to be identified as the Authors of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 1995 Second edition 2000 Third edition 2005 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ABC of sports and exercise medicine/edited by Gregory P. Whyte, Mark Harries, Clyde Williams.— 3rd ed. p. ; cm. Rev. ed. of: ABC of sports medicine/edited by Greg McLatchie … [et al.]. 2nd ed. BMJ Books, 2000. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7279-1813-0 ISBN-10: 0-7279-1813-3 1. Sports medicine. [DNLM: 1. Sports Medicine. 2. Athletic Injuries. 3. Exercise. QT 261 A134 2005] I. Whyte, Gregory P. II. Harries, Mark. III. Williams, Clyde. IV. ABC of sports medicine. RC1210.A24 2005 617.1Ј027—dc22 2005006580 ISBN-10: 0 7279 1813 3 ISBN-13: 978 0 7279 1813 0 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Set in 9/11 pt New Baskerville by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in India by Replika Press Pvt. Ltd Commissioning Editor: Eleanor Lines Development Editors: Sally Carter, Nick Morgan Production Controller: Debbie Wyer For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. 0727918133_2_toc.qxd 4/27/05 9:29 PM Page v Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Contents Contributors vii Foreword viii 1 Epidemiological studies of sports injuries 1 Colin W Fuller 2 Immediate care 4 Mark Gillett 3 Head injuries in sport 8 Paul McCrory 4 Injury to face and jaw 16 K R Postlethwaite 5 Eye injuries in sport 20 Caroline J MacEwen 6 Groin pain 24 O J A Gilmore 7 Management of injuries in children 29 John Aldridge 8 Exercise induced asthma 36 Mark Harries, John Dickinson 9 Infections 40 Geoffrey Pasvol 10 Unexplained underperformance syndrome (overtraining syndrome) 46 Richard Budgett 11 Female athlete triad 50 Karen Birch 12 The athlete’s heart and sudden cardiac death 54 Gregory P Whyte, Sanjay Sharma, Jayesh Makan, Nigel Stephens, William J McKenna 13 Environmental factors 58 Mike Tipton 14 Sports performance in a polluted environment 67 Geraint Florida-James, K Donaldson, Vicki Stone 15 Diving medicine 71 Peter Wilmshurst 16 Sport and disability 76 A D J Webborn 17 Nutrition, energy metabolism, and ergogenic supplements 80 Clyde Williams 18 Diet, obesity, diabetes, and exercise 87 Patrick Sharp 19 Benefits of exercise in health and disease: challenges to implementing the evidence 92 John Buckley 20 Active in later life 97 Archie Young, Susie Dinan v www.Ebook777.com 0727918133_2_toc.qxd 4/27/05 9:29 PM Page vi 21 Physiotherapy, sports injuries, and reacquisition of fitness 102 Caryl Becker, Lynn Booth 22 Providing a “one stop shop” for sports medicine 107 Richard Godfrey 23 Drugs in sport 111 Roger Palfreeman Index 115 vi 0727918133_3_posttoc.qxd 4/27/05 9:30 PM Page vii Contributors John Aldridge Caroline J MacEwen Consultant orthopaedic surgeon, Coventry and Warwick Consultant ophthalmologist, Ninewells Hospital and Medical University Hospital School, Dundee Caryl Becker Paul McCrory Rehabilitation manager, Olympic Medical Institute, Northwick Associate professor, Centre for Sport Medicine Research and Park Hospital, Middlesex Education and Brain Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia Karen Birch Senior lecturer in exercise physiology, department of sport William J McKenna and exercise sciences, University of Leeds Professor of cardiology, cardiology department, Heart Hospital, Wimpole Street, London Lynn Booth Jayesh Makan Consultant physiotherapist to the British Olympic Research fellow in cardiology, department of cardiology, Association University Hospital Lewisham, London John Buckley Roger Palfreeman Exercise physiologist and lecturer, school of health and Director of medicine, British Cycling Federation, National rehabilitation, Keele University and University Hospital of Cycling Centre, Manchester North Staffordshire Geoffrey Pasvol Richard Budgett Professor of infection and tropical medicine, Imperial College, Director of medical services, Olympic Medical Institute, London and Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex K R Postlethwaite John Dickinson Consultant maxillofacial surgeon, Newcastle General Hospital Research physiologist, Olympic Medical Institute, Northwick Sanjay Sharma Park Hospital, Middlesex Consultant cardiologist, department of cardiology, University Susie Dinan Hospital Lewisham, London Senior clinical exercise practitioner and research fellow, Patrick Sharp department of primary care and population sciences, Consultant endocrinologist, department of diabetes and Royal Free at University College School of Medicine, endocrinology, Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex London Nigel Stephens K Donaldson Consultant cardiologist, Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex Professor of respiratory toxicology, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh Medical Vicki Stone School Reader in toxicology, school of life sciences, Napier University, Edinburgh Geraint Florida-James Mike Tipton Senior lecturer in sport and exercise science, school of life Professor of human and applied physiology, department of sciences, Napier University, Edinburgh sport and exercise science, University of Portsmouth Colin W Fuller A D J Webborn Lecturer and safety management consultant, University of Medical director, The Sussex Centre for Sport and Exercise Leicester Medicine, University of Brighton, Carlisle Road, Eastbourne, Mark Gillett East Sussex Consultant in accident and emergency, department of Gregory P Whyte accident and emergency, Russell Hall Hospital, Dudley Director of science and research, Olympic Medical Institute, O J A Gilmore Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex Director and consultant surgeon, The Groin and Hernia Clyde Williams Clinic, 108 Harley Street, London Professor of sport and exercise science, University of Richard Godfrey Loughborough Research lecturer, sports sciences, school of sport and Peter Wilmshurst education, Brunel University, Middlesex Chair of the United Kingdom Sport Diving Medical Committee, Mark Harries and consultant cardiologist, The Royal Shrewsbury Hospital Consultant physician, Olympic Medical Institute, Northwick Archie Young Park Hospital, Middlesex Professor of geriatric medicine, University of Edinburgh vii 0727918133_3_posttoc.qxd 4/27/05 9:30 PM Page viii Foreword Since the success of earlier editions there has been an inexorable rise in the popularity and participation in sport. Equally inexorably, the numbers of injuries have risen. Most sports involve some risk exposure, which young people need and welcome. It is our duty to frame the rules to minimise the risks of injury. If, however, injury occurs, the medical services must be organised to ensure well researched basic sciences of physiology and biomechanics linked to prompt, precise, and effective treatment. The National Health Service will be the usual and most efficient route of delivery. Sports injuries are best treated in specialised sports injury clinics by doctors with specialist recognition. Until this target is achieved, accident and emergency departments will do the best they can, aided by this book as a guide and friend. Sport for all should go hand in hand with sports medicine. Sports injuries must be better