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UNIVERSITY OF LONDON See over for Abstract of Thesis notes on completion Author (full names) SUTHAHARAN NADARAJAH...................................... Title Of thesis: CLASH OF GOVERNMENTALITIES: LIBERAL PEACE, TAMIL FREEDOM AND THE 2001-2006 PEACE PROCESS IN SRI LANKA ........................................................................ Degree PhD............................................ This dissertation argues that the dynamics, trajectories and outcomes of the Norwegian-led intervention in Sri Lanka from 2001 to 2006 to end the protracted armed conflict in the island can be productively understood as a ‘clash of governmentalities’, as the result of the simultaneous pursuit of competing idealizations of how populations, territory and forms of political rule should be organized. The first part of the study explores the concept of govemmentality and sets out what is meant by a ‘clash of governmentalities’, a notion that turns on the different exercises of sovereignty, discipline and governmental modes of power in the service of competing rationalities of rule. Govemmentality, it is argued, provides a novel and insightful way of looking at the consequences of international interventions in sites of ‘internal’ conflict such as Sri Lanka. The second part of the study explores the Norwegian- led peace process in Sri Lanka to show how two governmental rationalities, here termed Liberal Peace and Tamil Freedom, clashed via a myriad of micro-practices and ultimately produced an impasse which led not to lasting peace, but renewed war. The thesis thus examines the consequences of Liberal Peace, a political rationality which posits economic interdependence, democracy and the rule of law as constituting the sustainable foundations for world peace, encountering other, ‘local’ governmental projects which are also trying, sometimes violently, to reorder places in the global South according to then own rationalities of rule. The thesis concludes with a brief discussion of how the concept of a clash of governmentalities lends itself to further empirical and theoretical research. ProQuest Number: 10673049 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673049 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Notes for Candidates 1 Type your abstract on the other side of this sheet. 2. Use single-space typing. Limit your abstract to one side of the sheet. 3. Please submit this copy of your abstract to the Research Degree Examinations Office, Room NBQ1, University of London, Senate House, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HU, at the same time as you Submit copies of your thesis. 4. This abstract will be forwarded to the University Library, which will send this sheet to the British Library and to ASLIB (Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux) for publication in Index to Theses. For official use Subject Panel/Specialist Group BLLD.................................•..... Date of Acceptance Clash of Governmentalities: Liberal Peace, Tamil Freedom and the 2001-2006 Peace Process in Sri Lanka Suthaharan Nadarajah School of Oriental and African Studies University of London PhD 1 Abstract This dissertation argues that the dynamics, trajectories and outcomes of the Norwegian-led intervention in Sri Lanka from 2001 to 2006 to end the protracted armed conflict in the island can be productively understood as a ‘clash of governmentalities’, as the result of the simultaneous pursuit of competing idealizations of how populations, territory and forms of political rule should be organized. The first part of the study sets out what is meant by a ‘clash of governmentalities’, a concept that turns on the different exercises of sovereignty, discipline and governmental modes of power in the service of competing rationalities of rule. The excavation of competing governmentalities, it is argued, provides a novel and insightful way of looking at the consequences of international interventions in sites o f‘internal’ conflict such as Sri Lanka. The second part of the study explores the Norwegian-led peace process in Sri Lanka to show how two governmental rationalities, here termed Liberal Peace and Tamil Freedom, clashed via a myriad of micro-practices and ultimately produced an impasse which led not to lasting peace, but renewed war. The thesis thus examines the consequences of Liberal Peace, a political rationality which posits economic interdependence, democracy and the rule of law as constituting the sustainable foundations for world peace, encountering other, ‘local’ governmental projects which are also trying, sometimes violently, to reorder places in the global South according to their own rationalities of rule. The thesis concludes with a brief discussion of how the concept of a clash of governmentalities lends itself to further empirical and theoretical research. 3 Contents Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................7 1. Govemmentality in a warzone ...............................................................................8 1.1 Global peace and local wars.......................................................................8 1.2 The argument in brief.. ........................................................................... 11 1.3 The analytical approach............................................................................13 Conventional analyses ........................................................................... 13 Studying ‘government’ .......................................................................... 15 How and why questions........................................................................18 1.4 Ordering Sri Lanka ...................................................................................20 The island’s conflict..............................................................................20 Antecedents to war................................................................................24 Competing projects...............................................................................26 1.5 Producing Liberal Peace ...........................................................................29 1.6 Chapter Outline.................................................................. 30 2. Using Govemmentality ........................................................................................ 34 2.1 Govemmentality Studies ..................... 34 Govemmentality and ‘the international’ ................... 37 Govemmentality and the ‘non-West’ ...................................................41 2.2 Studying Govemmentality ........................................................................49 Beyond conventional analysis .............................................................. 49 Problematizations and programmes..................................................... 52 Knowledges and language.....................................................................56 2.3 Methodology: an analytics of government .............................. 59 3. Clash of Governmentalities ................................................ 65 3.1 Government: the ‘conduct of conduct’ .................................................... 68 Governing ‘at a distance’ ......................................................................71 Discipline and subjects..........................................................................74 3.2 Govemmentality ................................................ 77 Governing the population......................................................................77 Sovereignty-Discipline-Govemment ................................................... 80 4 Govemmentality, liberalism and freedom ............................................82 3.3 Govemmentality and Biopolitics............................................................. 85 3.4 Clash of governmentalities .......................................................................90 Conduct and Counter-conducts............................................................ 91 Struggle to shape subjects.....................................................................93 3.5 Governmentalities in a warzone .............................................................. 96 4. Three Rationalities............................................................................................... 98 4.1 Liberal Peace .......................................................................................... 102 The rationality of Liberal Peace..........................................................102 Liberal Peace as government ...............................................................106 The problematic of ‘violence5.............................................................109 4.2 Sinhala-Buddhism.................................................................................. 114 The rationality of Sinhala-Buddhism................................................. 114 Sinhala-Buddhism as government .....................................................
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