EXPANDING THE ROLE OF STATES IN EPA RULEMAKING HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 23, 2017 Serial No. 115–14 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 25–469PDF WASHINGTON : 2017 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas, Chair FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas DANA ROHRABACHER, California ZOE LOFGREN, California MO BROOKS, Alabama DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon BILL POSEY, Florida ALAN GRAYSON, Florida THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky AMI BERA, California JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma ELIZABETH H. ESTY, Connecticut RANDY K. WEBER, Texas MARC A. VEASEY, Texas STEPHEN KNIGHT, California DONALD S. BEYER, JR., Virginia BRIAN BABIN, Texas JACKY ROSEN, Nevada BARBARA COMSTOCK, Virginia JERRY MCNERNEY, California GARY PALMER, Alabama ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia PAUL TONKO, New York RALPH LEE ABRAHAM, Louisiana BILL FOSTER, Illinois DRAIN LAHOOD, Illinois MARK TAKANO, California DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida COLLEEN HANABUSA, Hawaii JIM BANKS, Indiana CHARLIE CRIST, Florida ANDY BIGGS, Arizona ROGER W. MARSHALL, Kansas NEAL P. DUNN, Florida CLAY HIGGINS, Louisiana SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT HON. ANDY BIGGS, Arizona, Chair DANA ROHRABACHER, California SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon, Ranking BILL POSEY, Florida Member MO BROOKS, Alabama COLLEEN HANABUSA, Hawaii DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida CHARLIE CRIST, Florida BRIAN BABIN, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas GARY PALMER, Alabama BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia JIM BANKS, Indiana CLAY HIGGINS, Louisiana LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas (II) C O N T E N T S May 23, 2017 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................. 2 Hearing Charter ...................................................................................................... 3 Opening Statements Statement by Representative Andy Biggs, Chairman, Subcommittee on Envi- ronment, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives .................................................................................................... 4 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 6 Statement by Representative Suzanne Bonamic, Ranking Member, Sub- committee on Environment, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................................ 8 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 10 Statement by Representative Lamar S. Smith, Chairman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ..................... 12 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 14 Statement by Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, Ranking Member, Com- mittee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives .... 16 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 18 Witnesses: Mr. Misael Cabrera, PE, Director, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 20 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 22 Ms. Becky Keogh, Director, Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 26 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 28 Dr. Deborah L. Swackhamer, Professor Emerita, Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs and Professor Emerita, Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 39 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 41 Discussion ................................................................................................................. 49 Appendix I: Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Dr. Deborah L. Swackhamer, Professor Emerita, Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs and Professor Emerita, Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota ...................................................................................... 70 Appendix II: Additional Material for the Record Documents submitted by Representative Andy Biggs, Chairman, Sub- committee on Environment, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................................ 80 (III) IV Page Documents submitted by Representative Suzanne Bonamic, Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Environment, Committee on Science, Space, and Tech- nology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................... 84 EXPANDING THE ROLE OF STATES IN EPA RULEMAKING TUESDAY, MAY 23, 2017 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, D.C. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 10:04 a.m., in Room 2318, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Andy Biggs [Chairman of the Subcommittee] presiding. (1) 2 LAMAAS.SM!TH, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON. Texss CHAIRMAN RANKING MEMBER (t:ongrcss of the 'llnitcd ~rates tf\ousc of 'JRcprcscntatiucs COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY 2321 RAYBURN HouSE OFFICE BUILDING WASHINGTON, DC 20515-6301 (202) 225-6371 www,science.housegov Subcommittee on Environment Expanding the Role ofStates in EPA Rulemaking Tuesday, May 23, 2017 10:00 a.m. 2318 Rayburn House Office Building Mr. Misael Cabrera, PE, Director, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Ms. Becky Keogh, Director, Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality Deborah L. Swackhamer, Ph.D., Professor Emerita, Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs and Professor Emerita, Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota 3 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HEARING CHARTER Monday, May 22, 2017 TO: Members, Subcommittee on Environment FROM: Majority Staff, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology SUBJECT: Subcommittee Hearing: "Expanding the Role of States in EPA Rulemaking" The Subcommittee on Environment will hold a hearing titled Expanding the Role of States in EPA Rulemaking on Tuesday, May 23,2017, at 10:00 a.m. in Room 2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building. Hearing Pnrpose: The purpose of this hearing is to examine the relationship between federal and state government agencies and how they interact to address environmental regulations, such as regional haze, ozone, and cross-state air pollution. Witness List • Mr. Misael Cabrera, PE, director, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality • Ms. Becky Keogh, director, Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality • Dr. Deborah L. Swackhamer, professor emerita, Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs and professor emerita, Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota Staff Contact For questions related to the hearing, please contact Majority Staff at 202-225-6371. 4 Chairman BIGGS. The Subcommittee on Environment will come to order. There we go. Without objection, the Chair is authorized to declare recesses of the Subcommittee at any time. Welcome to all of you, especially to our witnesses, to this hearing today, which is entitled, ‘‘Expanding the Role of States in EPA Rulemaking.’’ I recognize myself for five minutes for an opening statement. I’m grateful to have all of you here for this hearing entitled, ‘‘Ex- panding the Role of States in EPA Rulemaking.’’ The Tenth Amendment protects States from being bullied by the federal government. Instead of allowing complete and unchecked power at the federal level, the Constitution ensures that states re- tain their authority on issues not expressly defined. Unfortunately, the previous Administration must have skimmed over that part of the Constitution, deciding instead to impose com- plete control over states and their economies. This was certainly the case with the Environmental Protection Agency. Far too often, states found themselves forced to comply with costly and unachievable environmental standards, all for little or no benefit. As the EPA gains new leadership, the states must be given a larger role on environmental policy and not cede any more author- ity to unelected bureaucrats in Washington, DC. The EPA under Obama—under President Obama routinely overstepped its author- ity, promulgating unnecessarily stringent standards without regard to state abilities or local expertise. In implementing nationwide ozone standards, to use one signifi- cant example, the Agency chose an uninformed one-size-fits-all reg- ulatory agenda without regard to the unique challenges each state may face. In October