CHANGING LAND USE PATTERN OF RAHIM YAR KHAN CITY By MUHAMMAD ASIF Roll No. 03 (2014-2016) SUPERVISED BY Prof. Dr. ASAD ALI KHAN Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Geography DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY The Islamia University of Bahawalpur PAKISTAN Contents Titles Page No. Dedication ................................................................................................................................... i Declaration ................................................................................................................................. ii Certificate .................................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... iv Contents ...................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. ix List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ x List of Maps .............................................................................................................................. xi Abstract .................................................................................................................................... xii List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... xiv Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1-14 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Need and Importance of the Study .............................................................................. 6 1.3 Main Objectives ........................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Major Questions .......................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Scope of the Study ....................................................................................................... 9 1.6 The Study Area ............................................................................................................ 9 1.6.1 Physiography ...................................................................................................... 11 1.6.2 Climate and General Soil Conditions ................................................................. 11 1.6.3 Flora and Fauna .................................................................................................. 12 1.6.4 Population ........................................................................................................... 13 1.6.5 Economy ............................................................................................................. 14 1.7 Organization of the Thesis ......................................................................................... 14 Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 15-29 2.1 Urban Growth in Rahim Yar Khan ............................................................................ 27 2.2 Immediate Versus Essential Causes .......................................................................... 28 v 2.3 Determinants of Land Use Change ............................................................................ 28 2.4 Interaction of Causes ................................................................................................. 29 Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 30-40 3.1 Selection of Topic ...................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Selection of the Area ................................................................................................. 33 3.3 Sources of Data .......................................................................................................... 35 3.4 Filed Observations ..................................................................................................... 35 3.5 Softwares Used .......................................................................................................... 36 3.6 Geo-referencing Process of the Maps ........................................................................ 36 3.7 Development of Classification Scheme ..................................................................... 38 3.8 Environmental Impact Assessment ........................................................................... 38 3.9 Cartographical Map Work ......................................................................................... 38 3.10 Limitations of the Study ............................................................................................ 39 3.11 Arrangement of Research Work According to the Objectives .................................. 39 Chapter 4 LAND USE CLASSIFICATION .............................................................................. 41-50 4.1 Land Use Classification ............................................................................................. 43 4.1.1 Residential Areas ................................................................................................ 44 4.1.2 Commercial Areas .............................................................................................. 45 4.1.3 Industrial Land ................................................................................................... 46 4.1.4 Parks and Green Spaces ..................................................................................... 47 4.1.5 Public Buildings ................................................................................................. 47 4.1.6 Educational Institutes ......................................................................................... 48 4.1.7 Health Centers .................................................................................................... 48 4.1.8 Religious Places ................................................................................................. 49 4.1.9 Vacant land/Open Spaces ................................................................................... 49 4.1.10 Canals ................................................................................................................. 49 4.1.11 Railway Lines and Roads ................................................................................... 49 4.1.12 Grave Yards ........................................................................................................ 49 vi 4.1.13 Slums .................................................................................................................. 50 4.1.14 Others ................................................................................................................. 50 Chapter 5 FACTORS OF LAND USE CHANGES IN RAHIM YAR KHAN CITY ........... 51-59 5.1 Demographic Factors ................................................................................................. 52 5.1.1 Population Growth ............................................................................................. 52 5.1.2 Migration ............................................................................................................ 55 5.2 Economic Factors ...................................................................................................... 56 5.2.1 Capital ................................................................................................................ 56 5.2.2 Organization ....................................................................................................... 56 5.3 Socio Cultural Factors ............................................................................................... 57 5.3.1 Government Policies .......................................................................................... 57 5.3.2 Job Opportunities ............................................................................................... 58 5.4 Technological Factors ................................................................................................ 58 5.4.1 Industrialization .................................................................................................. 58 5.4.2 Communications and Transportation ................................................................. 59 Chapter 6 LAND USE CHANGES IN RAHIM YAR KHAN CITY ...................................... 60-96 6.1 Land Use Patterns in Rahim Yar Khan City from 1981 to 2015 ............................... 60 6.1.1 Land Use of the City in 1981 ............................................................................. 60 6.1.2 Land Use of the City in 1998 ............................................................................. 63 6.1.3 Land Use of the City in 2015 ............................................................................. 65 6.2 Change in Commercial Land Use of City from