MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra anglického jazyka a literatury Larp (Live Action Role-Playing) as a Teaching Tool Diplomová práce Brno 2013 Vedoucí práce: Autor práce: Ailsa Marion Randall, M.A. Bc. et Bc. Lenka Schormová Anotace Diplomová práce „Larp (Live Action Role-Playing) as a Teaching Tool“ pojednává o různých typech rolových aktivit využitelných pro výuku. Hlavní důraz je kladen na larp jako na prostředek, který umožňuje pomocí netradičních metod zapojit aktivně žáky do výuky a nabízí jim bezpečné prostředí, ve kterém si mohou prožít různé situace a sledovat, jakým způsobem je mohou svými rozhodnutími ovlivnit. Část práce je věnována hernímu designu, který poskytuje učiteli přehled aspektů, které by měl vzít v pota, když larp připravuje. Důraz je kladen na aspekty, které se dotýkají výuky, jako například vytyčení cílů aktivity a jejich zpětné hodnocení a rozbor s žáky. Pozornost je také věnována bezpečnosti při hře, a to jak po fyzické, tak psychické stránce. Praktická část práce je věnována výzkumu, který se zabývá mírou využití rolových her na různých typech škol a v různých předmětech. Poskytuje přehled důvodů, kterými učitelé podporují využití, popřípadě nevyužití, rolových aktivit ve výuce. V závěru výzkum nabízí stručný přehled toho, do jaké míry jsou učitelé seznámeni s larpem, zda jej považují za využitelnou metodu pro výuku a jestli by měli zájem takovéto aktivity do výuky zařadit, kdyby byly běžně dostupné. Abstract Diploma thesis “Larp (Live Action Role-Playing) as a Teaching Tool” deals with different types of role-playing activities that could be employed in education. Main focus is on larp, which can be seen as a mean which enables through nontraditional methods involve learners actively in the classes and offers them a safe environment in which they can experience different situations and observe how they can influence these situations by their decisions. Part of the thesis is devoted to game design which should provide a teacher with a variety of aspects s/he should take into account when preparing a larp. Emphasized are aspects which are important when using larp as a teaching tool, such as defining the aims of an activity and their evaluation and review with learners. Topic of safety, not only physical, but also psychological is covered in the thesis. Practical part is devoted to research in how much are role-playing activities used at different types of schools and in different subjects. It offers a summary of reasons teacher have for using or not using role-playing in their classes. Last part of the research explores how much are teachers familiar with larp, it they see an educational potential in it and if they would be interested in employing such activities in their classes, if they were easily accessible. 1 Klíčová slova Rolové hry, larp, herní design, reflexe, pedagogické využití larpu Keywords Role-playing activities, larp, game design, review, pedagogical use of larp 2 Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci zpracovala samostatně a použila jen prameny uvedené v seznamu literatury. V Brně dne 20.4. 2013 Bc. et Bc Lenka Schormová ............…............................ podpis 3 I would like to give my thanks to my supervisor Ailsa Marion Randall, M.A. for all her valuable comments and helpful suggestions throughout my work. 4 Contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 7 I. THEORETICAL PART ........................................................................................................................ 9 1. TYPES OF ROLE PLAYING ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................... 9 1.1 ROLE PLAYING EXERCISES ................................................................................................................. 9 1.2 SIMULATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 LARP ................................................................................................................................................ 12 1.4. EDUCATIONAL APPLICATION OF ROLE-PLAYING ACTIVITIES ........................................................... 13 2. LARP .................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1 HISTORY OF LARP ............................................................................................................................. 14 2.2 FACTORS OF LARP ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.3 TYPES OF LARPS ............................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.1. Types of larps suitable to use in the classroom ...................................................................... 16 2.3.1.1. Chamber larp ...................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.1.2. Freeform larps ..................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 Outdoor larps .......................................................................................................................... 19 2.3. EDU-LARP (LARP USED AS A TEACHING TOOL) ............................................................................ 20 2.3.1. Edu-larp in the context of curriculum .................................................................................... 21 2.3.2. Motivating learners through game ......................................................................................... 22 2.3.3 Experiential learning ............................................................................................................... 24 2.3.3.1. LARP and experiential learning .......................................................................................... 25 2.3.4. Larps with educative potential ............................................................................................... 26 2.3.4.1 Project System ...................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.4.2. Misie MDCXLI .................................................................................................................... 28 2.3.4.3 Fat Man Down ...................................................................................................................... 31 2.3.4.4 Other larps with educational potential ................................................................................. 32 3. LARP DESIGN .................................................................................................................................... 34 3.1 DEFINING THE AIMS ......................................................................................................................... 34 3.2 DRAMATIC STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................... 35 3.3. CHARACTERS .................................................................................................................................. 38 3.4. LARP IN TEN STEPS .......................................................................................................................... 40 4. PRESENTING LARPS ....................................................................................................................... 41 4.1. SAFETY MECHANISMS ..................................................................................................................... 41 4.2. REVIEWING (DEBRIEFING) TECHNIQUES .......................................................................................... 43 II PRACTICAL PART ............................................................................................................................ 46 1. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH ................................................................................................. 47 1.2 RESPONDENTS .................................................................................................................................. 47 2. EVALUATION OF RESEARCH ....................................................................................................... 50 2.1 USE OF ROLE-PLAYING IN VARIOUS SUBJECTS .................................................................................. 50 2.2 WHY TO USE ROLE-PLAYING ............................................................................................................ 53 2.3 DISADVANTAGES OF USING ROLE-PLAYING AND SIMULATIONS IN CLASSES ..................................... 56 2.4 USE OF LARPS ................................................................................................................................... 59 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................ 64 RESUMÉ .................................................................................................................................................. 66 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 66 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................