THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAF AIR POWER DOCTRINE 1999-2013 Being a Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In The School of Politics, Philosophy & International Studies THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL By Viktoriya Fedorchak June 2015 Supervisor: Dr Chris Martin For Olga Semenivna and Olga Pavlivna It is just the beginning... ii Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ vii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. ix Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. x INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 The Relevance of the Topic ...................................................................................................... 1 Framing the Research Question ................................................................................................ 2 Sub-questions ............................................................................................................................ 4 Literature Review ...................................................................................................................... 6 A History of the research question ......................................................................................... 6 Intersecting fields ................................................................................................................... 8 Sources .................................................................................................................................... 21 Scope and Methodology ......................................................................................................... 23 Daddow's approach .............................................................................................................. 24 How and why was Daddow's approach modified for this research? .................................... 25 Methods................................................................................................................................ 27 Structure of the thesis .............................................................................................................. 32 CHAPTER I: THEORY ..................................................................................................................... 34 Definition of Doctrine ............................................................................................................. 34 The Purpose of Doctrine ......................................................................................................... 36 The military audience........................................................................................................... 36 The Wider Audience ............................................................................................................ 40 Doctrinal instrumentalism .................................................................................................... 42 The shift of a target audience or the substitution of functionality ....................................... 43 Correlation between Policy, Strategy and Doctrine ................................................................ 44 Correlation between Doctrine, Technology and Policy .......................................................... 48 Doctrine Hierarchy .................................................................................................................. 51 Doctrinal Dilemmas ................................................................................................................ 56 1. Dogma vs. creative thinking ............................................................................................ 56 2. Asset vs. liability .............................................................................................................. 59 3. Written vs. Tacit ............................................................................................................... 61 4. Brief vs. Long/ Detailed vs. Accessible ........................................................................... 64 iii 5. Static vs. Dynamic .......................................................................................................... 66 A Wider Perspective of Doctrinal Functionality ..................................................................... 68 Military aspect ..................................................................................................................... 68 Public aspect ........................................................................................................................ 68 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 70 CHAPTER II: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT ....................................................................................... 71 Preconditions of the First RAF Doctrine ................................................................................ 71 The First RAF Doctrine .......................................................................................................... 75 Conceptual perspective of the time and its reflection in CD 22 .......................................... 77 The implications of CD 22 ................................................................................................... 79 Air Publication (AP) 1300 ...................................................................................................... 83 AP 1300, 2nd edition (February 1940) ..................................................................................... 89 AP 1300, 3rd edition (January 1950) ....................................................................................... 91 Nuclear Aspect and the 4th edition of AP1300 (March 1957) ................................................. 95 Doctrinal Vacuum in the 1970-1990s ..................................................................................... 98 The New Chapter in the History of RAF Doctrine ............................................................... 101 AP 3000, 2nd edition, 1993 .................................................................................................... 107 The Lessons of History ......................................................................................................... 111 CHAPTER III: CASE STUDY OF THE 3RD EDITION OF AP 3000 (PART I) ......................................... 116 FACTORS OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................... 117 The Experience of Previous Operations ............................................................................. 117 Operational Experience in Doctrinal Discourse ................................................................. 120 External Contacts and Foreign Doctrines .......................................................................... 128 Foreign Doctrines ............................................................................................................... 131 Domestic Politics .................................................................................................................. 133 The SDR and jointery ........................................................................................................ 134 The implications of the SDR for RAF doctrine ................................................................. 137 Textual analysis of jointery and Army context in AP 3000(1999) .................................... 140 CHAPTER IV: CASE STUDY OF THE 3RD EDITION OF AP 3000 (PART II) ....................................... 150 Networks (Academics) .......................................................................................................... 150 The dichotomy of attitudes towards academics within the RAF ....................................... 150 The academic context of AP 3000 (1999) ......................................................................... 153 Doctrine Authors and Personalities....................................................................................... 160 The authorship of the first two editions ............................................................................. 161 iv The authorship of the 3rd edition of AP 3000 ..................................................................... 163 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 167 CHAPTER V: CASE STUDY OF THE 4TH EDITION OF AP 3000 ....................................................... 171 The Context - the absence of doctrine .................................................................................. 172 Lessons of Previous Operations ............................................................................................ 177 The Kosovo campaign ......................................................................................................