THE NATIONAL SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SEPTEMBER 27, 2007 Serial No. 110–58 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 34–720PS WASHINGTON : 2008 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:41 Apr 05, 2008 Jkt 034720 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\WORKD\I&O07\092707\34720 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HON. BART GORDON, Tennessee, Chairman JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois RALPH M. HALL, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER JR., LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California Wisconsin MARK UDALL, Colorado LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas DAVID WU, Oregon DANA ROHRABACHER, California BRIAN BAIRD, Washington ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland BRAD MILLER, North Carolina VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma NICK LAMPSON, Texas JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona W. TODD AKIN, Missouri JERRY MCNERNEY, California JO BONNER, Alabama LAURA RICHARDSON, California TOM FEENEY, Florida PAUL KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas DARLENE HOOLEY, Oregon BOB INGLIS, South Carolina STEVEN R. ROTHMAN, New Jersey DAVID G. REICHERT, Washington JIM MATHESON, Utah MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas MIKE ROSS, Arkansas MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky PHIL GINGREY, Georgia RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri BRIAN P. BILBRAY, California CHARLIE MELANCON, Louisiana ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska BARON P. HILL, Indiana PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia HARRY E. MITCHELL, Arizona CHARLES A. WILSON, Ohio SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT HON. BRAD MILLER, North Carolina, Chairman JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER JR., EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas Wisconsin DARLENE HOOLEY, Oregon DANA ROHRABACHER, California STEVEN R. ROTHMAN, New Jersey DAVID G. REICHERT, Washington BRIAN BAIRD, Washington PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia BART GORDON, Tennessee RALPH M. HALL, Texas DAN PEARSON Subcommittee Staff Director EDITH HOLLEMAN Subcommittee Counsel JAMES PAUL Democratic Professional Staff Member DOUG PASTERNAK Democratic Professional Staff Member KEN JACOBSON Democratic Professional Staff Member TOM HAMMOND Republican Professional Staff Member STACEY STEEP Research Assistant (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:41 Apr 05, 2008 Jkt 034720 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\WORKD\I&O07\092707\34720 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 C O N T E N T S September 27, 2007 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................. 2 Hearing Charter ...................................................................................................... 3 Opening Statements Statement by Representative Brad Miller, Chairman, Subcommittee on Inves- tigations and Oversight, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ................................................................................................ 5 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 6 Statement by Representative F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr., Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives .................................. 7 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 9 Prepared Statement by Representative Jerry F. Costello, Member, Sub- committee on Investigations and Oversight, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ....................................................... 10 Panel 1: General Gordon R. Sullivan, USA (Ret.), Chairman, Military Advisory Board, The CNA Corporation Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 11 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 12 Biography .......................................................................................................... 14 Mr. R. James Woolsey, Vice President, Booz Allen Hamilton Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 15 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 16 Biography .......................................................................................................... 17 Discussion Climate Change Disaster Planning .................................................................... 18 Strategic Planning to Create Goodwill Towards the U.S. ................................ 20 Ocean Acidification .............................................................................................. 21 Transporting Fuel in Iraq ................................................................................... 23 Are Humans Causing Climate Change? ............................................................. 23 Can Human Behavior Reverse Climate Change? .............................................. 25 Global Warming Is an Important Issue ............................................................. 25 More on How Humans Effect Global Warming ................................................. 27 Scientists Who Oppose the Idea of Man-made Global Warming ..................... 28 Military Prioritizing to Reduce Global Warming .............................................. 31 Public Prioritizing to Reduce Global Warming .................................................. 31 More on Military Prioritization ........................................................................... 33 More on Energy in Iraq ....................................................................................... 33 Dependence on the Wrong Regimes ................................................................... 34 Domestic Energy Sources .................................................................................... 35 Nuclear Power and Plug-in Hybrids ................................................................... 36 High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors ............................................................. 37 New Materials for Armoring Vehicles ................................................................ 38 Justifying Cost to Reduce Emissions .................................................................. 38 Evaluating Current Methods to Reduce Emissions .......................................... 39 Trade-offs in Decision-making ............................................................................ 39 Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change Report ..................................... 40 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:41 Apr 05, 2008 Jkt 034720 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\WORKD\I&O07\092707\34720 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 IV Page Rallying Americans Behind Energy Problems ................................................... 41 Panel 2: Dr. Alexander T.J. Lennon, Research Fellow, International Security Program, Center for Strategic and International Studies; Editor-in-Chief, The Wash- ington Quarterly Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 43 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 44 Biography .......................................................................................................... 50 Dr. Andrew T. Price-Smith, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Colorado College; Director, Project on Health, Environment, and Global Affairs, Colorado College/University of Colorado–Colorado Springs; Senior Advisor, Center for Homeland Security, University of Colorado Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 51 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 53 Biography .......................................................................................................... 59 Dr. Kent Hughes Butts, Professor of Political Military Strategy; Director, National Security Issues, Center for Strategic Leadership, U.S. Army War College Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 60 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 62 Biography .......................................................................................................... 72 Discussion Are Current Multinational Structures Sufficient? ............................................ 73 Disease Vectors .................................................................................................... 74 DOD Thinking About Climate Change .............................................................. 75 More on the IPCC Report .................................................................................... 76 Policy Measures to Reduce Spread of Disease ..................................................