Intel® Math Kernel Library for Linux* User’s Guide June 2007 Document Number: 314774-003US World Wide Web: http://developer.intel.com Version Version Information Date -001 Original issue. Documents Intel® Math Kernel Library (Intel® MKL) 9.0 gold September 2006 release. -002 Documents Intel® MKL 9.1 beta release. “Getting Started”, “LINPACK and MP January 2007 LINPACK Benchmarks” chapters and “Support for Third-Party and Removed Interfaces” appendix added. Existing chapters extended. Document restruc- tured. List of examples added. -003 Documents Intel® MKL 9.1 gold release. Existing chapters extended. Docu- June 2007 ment restructured. More aspects of ILP64 interface discussed. Section “Config- uring Eclipse CDT to Link with Intel MKL” added to chapter 3. INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. 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Copyright © 2006 - 2007, Intel Corporation. ii Contents Chapter 1 Overview Technical Support ....................................................................... 1-1 About This Document .................................................................. 1-1 Purpose................................................................................. 1-2 Audience ............................................................................... 1-2 Document Organization ........................................................... 1-2 Notational Conventions............................................................ 1-3 Chapter 2 Getting Started Checking Your Installation............................................................ 2-1 Obtaining Version Information ...................................................... 2-2 Compiler Support ....................................................................... 2-2 Before You Begin Using Intel MKL ................................................. 2-2 Chapter 3 Intel® Math Kernel Library Structure High-level Directory Structure ...................................................... 3-1 Supplied Libraries ....................................................................... 3-3 Serial Libraries ....................................................................... 3-3 ILP64 Libraries ....................................................................... 3-3 Library Versions and Parts............................................................ 3-9 High-level Libraries ................................................................. 3-9 Processor-specific Kernels ........................................................ 3-9 Threading Libraries ................................................................. 3-9 Directory Structure in Detail....................................................... 3-10 Contents of the Documentation Directory................................. 3-12 iii Intel® Math Kernel Library User’s Guide Chapter 4 Configuring Your Development Environment Setting Environment Variables...................................................... 4-1 Configuring Eclipse CDT to Link with Intel MKL ............................... 4-1 Customizing the Library Using the Configuration File ....................... 4-2 Chapter 5 Linking Your Application with Intel® Math Kernel Library Selecting Between Static and Dynamic Linking ............................... 5-1 Static Linking......................................................................... 5-1 Dynamic Linking..................................................................... 5-2 Making the Choice .................................................................. 5-2 Intel MKL-specific Linking Recommendations .............................. 5-2 Link Command Syntax ................................................................ 5-2 Selecting Libraries to Link for Your Platform and Function Domain ..... 5-3 Linking Examples ................................................................... 5-9 Notes on Linking .................................................................. 5-10 Linking with ILP64 and Serial Libraries .................................... 5-10 Using GNU gfortran* and Absoft Compilers .............................. 5-11 Building Custom Shared Objects................................................. 5-11 Intel MKL Custom Shared Object Builder.................................. 5-11 Specifying Makefile Parameters .............................................. 5-12 Specifying List of Functions.................................................... 5-12 Chapter 6 Managing Performance and Memory Using Intel MKL Parallelism .......................................................... 6-1 Avoiding Conflicts in the Execution Environment ......................... 6-2 Setting the Number of Threads Using the Environment Variable .... 6-3 Changing the Number of Processors for Threading at Run Time..... 6-3 Tips and Techniques to Improve Performance ................................. 6-6 Coding Techniques.................................................................. 6-6 Hardware Configuration Tips .................................................... 6-8 Managing Multi-core Performance ............................................. 6-8 Operating on Denormals.......................................................... 6-9 Using Intel MKL Memory Management........................................... 6-9 Redefining Memory Functions................................................. 6-10 iv Contents Chapter 7 Language-specific Usage Options Using Language-Specific Interfaces with Intel MKL.......................... 7-1 Mixed-language programming with Intel MKL ................................. 7-4 Calling LAPACK, BLAS, and CBLAS Routines from C Language Environments ...................................................................... 7-4 Calling BLAS Functions That Return the Complex Values in C/C++ Code ........................................................................ 7-6 Invoking MKL Functions from Java Applications .......................... 7-9 Chapter 8 Coding Tips Aligning Data for Numerical Stability ............................................. 8-1 Chapter 9 LINPACK and MP LINPACK Benchmarks Intel® Optimized LINPACK Benchmark for Linux* ........................... 9-1 Contents ............................................................................... 9-1 Running the Software ............................................................. 9-2 Known Limitations .................................................................. 9-3 Intel® Optimized MP LINPACK Benchmark for Clusters .................... 9-4 Contents ............................................................................... 9-4 Building MP LINPACK .............................................................. 9-6 New Features......................................................................... 9-6 Benchmarking a Cluster .........................................................