Hard Red Winter Wheat 2017 Regional Quality Survey PHOTO CREDIT: KIMBERLY WARNER 127 Noble Research Center Stillwater, OK 74078 ph 405.744.9333 [email protected] www.plainsgrains.org Idaho Wheat Commission Colorado Wheat Oklahoma Wheat Commission www.idahowheat.org Administrative Committee www.wheat.state.ok.us www.coloradowheat.org North Dakota South Dakota Kansas Wheat Commission Wheat Commission Wheat Commission www.kswheat.com www.ndwheat.com www.sdwheat.org Washington Grain Commission Texas Wheat Producers Nebraska Wheat Board www.washingtongrainalliance.com Board and Association www.nebraskawheat.com www.texaswheat.org Montana Wheat & Barley Wyoming Wheat Committee Oregon Wheat Commission Growers Association wbc.agr.mt.gov www.owgl.org www.wyomingwheat.com 2017 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey Plains Grains, Inc. Plains Grains, Inc., a non-profit, private marketing goals to have quality data for quality based marketing initiative, was the entire HRWP wheat production G area. I. formed in 2004 through the OklahomaPGI Each state may be able to produce the Wheat Commission, the Oklahoma quality needed by foreign buyers, but it Department of Agriculture, Food will take multiple states to achieve the and Forestry, the Oklahoma critical mass needed to meet the State University Division quantity needs. By working of Agricultural Sciences together as a region we and Natural Resources. can meet both quality and quantity demands. PGI was designed to bridge the gap PGI In 2004, PGI’s crop between wheat quality survey included producers, grain P G I. the Oklahoma HRW companies and foreign wheat crop. Designed as and domestic flour millers a regional marketing entity, to benefit all segments of the wheat PGI then brought five other HRW wheat industry. producing states on board for the crop quality survey in 2005. Due to the welcome PGI facilitates the appropriate wheat reception and success of PGI in the foreign quality tracking needed to provide millers marketplace, the entire Great Plains HRW with the quality information they need wheat production region now subscribes to purchase U.S. wheat. While state data to the PGI crop quality survey. is important, it is critical to Plains Grains Visit our website at www.plainsgrains.org for up-to-date information, interactive maps and more! 2017 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 1 Feeding the World Wheat is one of the oldest and most Wheat flour is the major ingredient in widely used food crops in the nation and it many favorite foods found across the supplies approximately 20 percent of food globe. More foods are made from wheat calories for the world’s population. Whole than any other cereal grain. Wheat has the grains contain protective anti-oxidants in ability to produce a widely diverse range amounts near or exceeding those in fruits of end-use products because each class and vegetables. of wheat has distinct characteristics that create unique functionality. Wheat is the United State’s leading export crop and the fourth leading field crop. HRW wheat is a versatile wheat with The most common class produced in the excellent milling and baking characteristics United States is Hard Red Winter (HRW) for pan breads. Principally used to make wheat. The class a variety fits into is bread flour, HRW is also a choice wheat determined by its hardness, the color of for Asian noodles, hard rolls, flat breads its kernels and by its planting time. Other and as a blending improver. classes are: Durum, Hard Red Spring, Soft Hard Red Winter wheat accounts for about Red Winter, Hard White and Soft White. 40 percent of total U.S. wheat production Almost 50 percent of the U.S.’s total wheat and is grown primarily in the Great Plains production is exported. Approximately states of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, one-third of the HRW produced is exported. Oklahoma, Texas, Montana, South Dakota, Nigeria is the number one importer of U.S. North Dakota, Wyoming, and the Pacific HRW, with a little over 75 percent of its Northwest. total imports coming from the U.S. 2015 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 2 National Wheat Overview Wheat Major Classes This fall seeded wheat is a versatile wheat with moderately high protein The six major classes of U.S. wheat are content and excellent milling and baking Hard Red Winter, Hard Red Spring, Soft characteristics. Principally used to make Red Winter, Soft White, Hard bread flour, HRW is also a choice White and Durum. Each Hard wheat for Asian noodles, class has a somewhat hard rolls, flat breads and different end use and Red Winter is commonly used as an production tends to improver for blending. be region-specific. wheat accounts for This region is mostly Hard White (HW) is limited to production about 40 percent of the newest class of of Hard Red Winter wheat, used for the and Hard White wheat total U.S. wheat same basic products as classes, therefore the HRW wheat, can provide data in this publication production higher milling extraction will focus on the quality of and requires less sweetener those classes for the current in whole-wheat products due crop year. to its milder, sweeter flavor. Hard Red Winter (HRW) wheat accounts HW, which is closely related to Red for about 40 percent of total U.S. wheat wheats, receives enthusiastic reviews when production, dominates the U.S. wheat used for Asian noodles, hard rolls, bulgar, export market and is grown primarily tortillas, whole wheat or high extraction in the Great Plains, stretching from the applications, pan breads or flat breads. Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean and from Canada to Mexico. 2015 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 3 Crop Production Review & Analysis Weather and Harvest of the Hard Red Winter Wheat crop. 492 (94% of the long-term average due to environment Planted area for the 2017 hard red winter (HRW) production factors) samples were collected crop fell to the lowest level in over 100 years, from grain elevators when at least 30% of the pressured by the poor income potential from local harvest was completed in the 11 states of wheat. The 2017 HRW production, estimated at Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska, 20.4 million metric tons (MMT), is down from Wyoming, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, 29.4 MMT in 2016 and well below the 5-year Oregon and Idaho. average. Large beginning stocks partially offset the sharp production decline. USDA estimated Official grade and non-grade parameters were the HRW supply (excluding imports) at 36.5 determined on each sample. 90 composites MMT, down 13% from 2016. Variable conditions were then formed based on production regions challenged the crop, but moisture remained and protein ranges of < 11.5%, 11.5%–12.5%, and adequate, or even excessive in some areas, >12.5% and milling, dough functionality and bake resulting generally in better than expected tests were run on composites. Results by protein yields, lower than average protein, but otherwise ranges were then segregated by export region good milling and processing characteristics. In and reported by tributary as well as overall. the Southern and Central Plains, a warmer than Sampling was targeted at testing over 80% of normal winter favored diseases and insect pests the Hard Red Winter Wheat production in the and prevented vernalization in Texas and parts 11 states referenced above with weighting factors of southern Oklahoma. An unusually late 20-inch based on production calculated. The analytical snowfall caused significant lodging in western methods used to define the reported parameters Kansas, eastern Colorado and parts of Nebraska, are described in the Analysis Methods section Oklahoma and Texas. Higher disease and insect of this book. pressure followed and reduced yield potential. Late season rain benefited Kansas, Colorado Wheat and Grade Data and Nebraska, but was too late for Texas and The overall composite 2017 HRW crop official Oklahoma. grade averaged 92% Grade #2 or better (Gulf tributary averaging 86% and PNW tributary The start of winter was mild and dry across the averaging 100%) when considering all samples. Pacific Northwest (PNW) and Northern Plains, The overall dockage level of 0.6% is comparable but February through April was extremely wet to last year’s average of 0.5% and equal to the with erratic temperatures. However, a hot, dry late 5-year average of 0.6%. Total defects of 1.2% spring caused inconsistent crop development. are well below last year’s average of 1.4% and Eastern Montana, South Dakota and western 5-year average of 1.6%. Foreign material is 0.1% North Dakota suffered severe drought conditions and is below last year’s 0.2% while shrunken and with devastating effects on yield. broken (0.9%) is equal to last year and below Samples and Methods the 5-year average (0.9% and 1.2% respectively). Wheat ash (14% mb) is 1.50% and comparable to Sample collection and analysis were conducted last year’s 1.49% and below the 5-year average in a collaborative effort between the USDA/ of 1.53%. Overall test weight averaged 60.5 lb/bu ARS Hard Winter Wheat Quality Lab, Manhattan, (79.6 kg/hl) which is above the 5-year average Kansas and Plains Grains, Inc., a private non- of 60.3 lb/bu (79.3 kg/hl) and is equal to last profit company designed to do quality testing 2017 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 4 Crop Production Review & Analysis year’s average of 60.5 lb/bu (79.6 kg/hl). The Summary overall average thousand kernel weight of 31.0 g The 2017 HRW wheat crop was very similar to significantly exceeds the 5-year average of 29.1 last year’s crop in many ways.