Archeological Component .................................................................................... B.1 Study Units for the Archeological Component................................................. B.1 Definitions for “Archeological Site” and the Problem of Properties which Straddle Study Unit Borders............................................................................. B.3 Study Units Vis-à-Vis Traditional Archeological Spatial Units ..................... B.10 A Chronological Model for North Dakota Archeology....................................... B.13 Archeological Unit Terms ............................................................................... B.13 Cultural Traditions...................................................................................... B.13 Cultural Complexes ..................................................................................... B.15 Components................................................................................................. B.16 Phases .......................................................................................................... B.16 Cultural Periods............................................................................................B.17 Dates and Dating Methods ......................................................................B.17 The Named Cultural Traditions......................................................................B.20 The Paleo-Indian Tradition......................................................................... B.21 Clovis Complex ........................................................................................B.23 Goshen Complex ......................................................................................B.24 Folsom Complex ......................................................................................B.26 Hell Gap-Agate Basin Complex .............................................................. B.27 Cody Complex..........................................................................................B.28 Parallel-Oblique Flaked Complex...........................................................B.29 Pryor Stemmed Complex ........................................................................B.29 Caribou Lake Complex............................................................................B.30 Logan Creek-Mummy Cave Complex..................................................... B.31 Oxbow Complex.......................................................................................B.32 McKean Lanceolate Complex .................................................................B.33 Duncan Complex .....................................................................................B.33 Hanna Complex.......................................................................................B.34 Pelican Lake Complex .............................................................................B.34 Yonkee Complex ......................................................................................B.36 Unclassified Late Plains Archaic Components ......................................B.36 The Plains Woodland Tradition.................................................................. B.37 Unclassified Early Plains Woodland Components ................................ B.37 The Middle Plains Woodland Period......................................................B.38 Sonota and Besant Complexes................................................................B.38 Laurel Complex .......................................................................................B.39 The Late Plains Woodland Period ..........................................................B.40 Avonlea Complex..................................................................................... B.41 Blackduck Complex .................................................................................B.42 Mortlach Complex...................................................................................B.43 Old Women’s Complex ............................................................................B.43 Sandy Lake Complex...............................................................................B.44 The Plains Village Tradition........................................................................ B.45 Middle Missouri ......................................................................................B.46 Coalescent................................................................................................B.46 Northeastern Plains Village Complex ....................................................B.46 Equestrian Nomadic Tradition/Fur Trade .................................................B.48 One Gun Complex....................................................................................B.49 Research Topics for North Dakota Archeology..................................................B.50 Paleo-Environmental Modeling......................................................................B.50 Paleoclimate ................................................................................................ B.51 Cultural Chronology........................................................................................ B.54 Settlement Behavior........................................................................................ B.59 Tipi Ring Sites ............................................................................................. B.61 Statewide Population Density......................................................................B.71 Native Subsistence Practices .......................................................................... B.72 Technologies.................................................................................................... B.73 Artifact Styles .................................................................................................. B.75 Regional Interaction ....................................................................................... B.76 Field, Laboratory, and Analytical Methodologies .......................................... B.78 Treatment of the Individual Study Units........................................................ B.79 Description of Each Unit................................................................................. B.79 Overview of Previous Archeological Work .....................................................B.80 Inventory Projects .......................................................................................B.80 Site Data Tabulations .............................................................................B.80 Test Excavation Projects .............................................................................B.82 Major Excavation Projects ..........................................................................B.82 Other Works ................................................................................................B.83 Coverage by Cultural Periods..........................................................................B.83 Paleo-Environmental Modeling..................................................................B.83 Cultural Chronology ....................................................................................B.84 Settlement Behavior....................................................................................B.84 Native Subsistence Practices.......................................................................B.84 Technologies................................................................................................B.84 Artifact Styles ..............................................................................................B.85 Regional Interaction....................................................................................B.85 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ..............................B.85 Discussion of National Register Eligibility Criteria ...........................................B.86 Discussion of Inventory Terminology ............................................................ B.87 Figure B.1: Map of North Dakota identifying the 13 study units in the Archeological Component of the State Plan by code designation. ......................B.2 Figure B.2: Study unit boundaries and county boundaries in North Dakota......B.4 Figure B.3: Archeological site density per study unit. .........................................B.6 Figure B.4: Number of acres surveyed per study unit. ........................................ B.7 Figure B.5: Archeological sites per acres surveyed. .............................................B.8 Figure B.6: Cultural/temporal affiliation of recorded sites per study unit. ........B.9 Figure B.7: Archeological subareas of the Northern Plains combining terminology from Griffin (1952), Lehmer (1971:28-29), Lehmer and Caldwell (1966:512), and Wedel (1961:23), as presented in Gregg (1985a:68)...........................................B.11 Figure B.8: Regions of the Middle Missouri Subarea from Lehmer (1971), the Little Missouri Region of the Northwestern Plains Subarea from Loendorf et al. (1982), and the Upper James River Region of the Northeastern Plains from Gregg (1985a:70)........................................................................................................... B.12 Figure B.9: General chronology as discussed in the Archeological Component. ............................................................................................................................