AN ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING MAXIMS IN “FOREST GUMP” FILM BASED ON GRICE’S COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES. (A PRAGMATICS APPROACH) THESIS Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University By: Mulyani C03035049 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY 2010 AN ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING MAXIMS IN “FOREST GUMP” FILM BASED ON GRICE’S COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES. (A PRAGMATICS APPROACH) BY Mulyani C0305049 Approved to be examined before the Board of Examiners Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University Thesis Consultant Drs. Budi Waskita, M. Pd NIP. 19521108 198303 1001 Head of English Department Dr. Djatmika, MA NIP. 196707261993021001 ii AN ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING MAXIMS IN “FOREST GUMP” FILM BASED ON GRICE’S COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES. (A PRAGMATICS APPROACH) BY MULYANI C0305049 Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University On March 3rd 2010 Board of Examiners Position Name Signature 1. Chairman Dr. Djatmika, MA …………… NIP. 196707261993021001 2. Secretary Ida Kusuma Dewi, SS, MA …………… NIP. 197105251998022001 3. First Examiner Drs. S. Budi Waskito, M.PD ..…………. NIP. 195211081983031001 4. Second Examiner Drs. Sri Marmanto, M. Hum ....………… NIP.195009011986011001 Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Drs. Sudarno, MA NIP. 195303141985061001 iii PRONOUCEMENT Name : MULYANI NIP : C 03035049 Stated whole heartedly that this thesis entitled An Analysis of Flouting Maxims in “Forest Gump” Film Based on Grice’s Cooperative Principles (A Pragmatics Approach) is made by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism, nor made by others. The things related to other people’s work are written in quotation and included within the bibliography. If it is then proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the responsibility Surakarta, The researcher MULYANI iv MOTTOS Man proposes, God disposes. What does not kill you will strengthen you. Verily, with every difficulty, there is a relief. (Al insyira: 6) I’m Proud to be me By. The researcher v DEDICATION This precious work is dedicated to My beloved Mom and Dad My beloved sister and my friends vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT Bismillahirrohmanirrohim. Alhamdulillahi robbil ‘alamin All praise are just for Allah S.W.T, the Almighty and the All Merciful God for His blessing that I can complete this thesis as one of the requirements for accomplish the Undergraduate Degree of Sarjana Sastra. This thesis would not be completed without help, guidance, and advice from others. It is a big pleasure to acknowledge the generosity of the following persons for their encouragement, support, and the most important, their guidance and advice. Therefore, in this opportunity, I would like to express my fondest gratitude to: 1. Allah subhanahu wa Ta’ala and his messenger, Rasullah sa, who never let me down. 2. Drs. Sudarno, M.A, as the Dean of Letters and Fine Arts Faculty, for approving my thesis. 3. Dr. Djatmika as the Head of English Department for the permission to write this thesis. 4. Drs. Budi Waskito, M. pd as my thesis supervisor. Thank you very much for your guidance, patience, concern and advise so that I can finish my thesis. 5. All the lecturers of English Department. Thank you very much for the guidance and knowledge you have given to me. 6. My family, my beloved mom and dad thanks for everything you have given to me, attention, pray, love, and care. Mom I always love you, hope Allah always love you in heaven. Dad thanks you for your patience to me, to my stubborn vii and my spoilness. My sister thanks you for the support and love. My little nephew “Fera” thanks for the cheerful. 7. My dearest friend D’ KAMPRETS, lilies and Tomy “The Angels” (thanks for your holly words to be realistic and patience, remember the days we fought together to finish our thesis), Yogi “Nene” (thanks for supports, advices and your patience to listen my story all night long), Nurin (thanks to joyful in the new year and also the hot gossips you always share to me), Hesti (thanks for checking my thesis, lets get crazy shopping again!), Nunik (thanks to your delicious food and your support to get “him”), Fitria (thanks for your patience to always be victim of my violence), Woro (thanks for your funny story and the translation, you are my dictionary), Ima (thanks for your wise words which give the enlightenment for my soul), Puspa (thanks for the advices for my black hole), Dini “The Twinner” ( thanks for the spirits you gave to finish my thesis), Kiki (thanks for to be my friens). 8. My PADANG family, antigue (thanks for the supports, understanding for this 7,5 years we had spent together, and sorry for my careless which always drops everything in your room), Ipha ( thanks for the joyful and the “chick-chick” style you infected in every single part of Padang’s), mbak Ipeh, Kristin, and Dwi (thanks for the supports and the happy time that we had), Ratih (lets finish your thesis soon), Deny (thanks for the supports and sorry for the torture that I’ve done to you). 9. My old friends, Lilis and Angga thanks for your supports and advices. 10. All my friends in ED ’05, Sony (thanks to be the lovely chairman, Intan (thanks for checking my grammar error, Arif (thanks for repairing my laptop), viii Sari, Fera, Eva, Naphis, Chemitz, Winda, Dian catur, Ratih wula, ratih dwi, Anggi, vian, Hemi, Us, Ebsi, Ongko, Galih, Febri, Alwi, Udin, Lambang, Adwin, Arin, Arum, Yuni, Elis, Ismi, Jotika, Astri, Fauzi, Kiki adi, Dida, Leony, Maya, Wunendro as we go on we’ll remember all the times we had together. 11. The last but not least “Yellow” thanks for always be my side and the support. 12. For everyone who I cannot mention, thank you for all support and help in doing my thesis. I believes that this thesis is far from being perfect, thus constructive criticism and suggestion are open-handedly accepted. Hopefully this thesis will be beneficial as it is purposively written. Thank you Surakarta, February , 2010 Mulyani ix TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE………………………………………………………………………. i THESIS APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT………………………….. ii THESIS APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS……………… iii PRONOUNCEMENT………………………………………………………. iv MOTTOS…………………………………………………………………… v DEDICATION……………………………………………………………… vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………….. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………… x ABSTRACT.………………………………...……………………………… xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION A. Background………………………………………………………… 1 B. Problem Statement…………………………………………………. 6 C. Research Limitation ………………………………………….. 6 D. Research Objectives ………………………………………………. 6 E. Benefits of the Study………………………………………………. 7 F. Research Methodology……………………………………………... 7 G. Thesis organization…………………………………………………. 8 CHAPTER II: LITERARY REVIEW A. Pragmatics………………………………………………………… 9 B. Implicature………………………………………………………… 13 C. Conventional implicature…………………………………………… 14 D. Conversational implicature…………………………………………. 15 x E. The cooperative principle…………………………………………... 16 F. The conversational maxim………………………………………….. 18 G. The flouting maxim…………………………………………………. 20 H. Context…………………………………...………………………… 23 I. Synopsis of the Film………………………………………………... 24 J. Review of Related Study…………………………………………… 25 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. The Type of the Research………………………………………….. 27 B. The data and the Source of Data…………………………………… 27 C. Sample and Sampling Technique…………………………………. 28 D. Equipments of the research…………………………………………. 28 E. The Technique of Collecting Data…………………………………. 29 F. Data coding………………………………………………………… 29 G. Technique of Analyzing Data……………………………………… 31 CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS A. Introduction………………………………………………………… 32 B. Analysis 1. Kinds of flouting maxims………………………..………..... 33 71 2. Implicature……………………………………..................... 83 3. The reason why the characters flout the maxim…………..... C. Discussion…...……………………………………………………… 95 1. The Cooperative Principle...…………………..…………… 95 2. The flouting maxims……………………………………….. 97 xi 3. Implicature…………………………………………….…… 99 4. The reason…………………………………………………... 100 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion………………………………………………………….. 102 B. Suggestion………………………………..…………………………. 104 Bibliography………………………………………………………………... Appendices…………………………………………………………………. xii ABSTRACT Mulyani. 2009. C0305049. An Analysis of Flouting Maxims in “Forest Gump” Film Based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle (A Pragmatics Approach). Thesis: English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University. This is a qualitative descriptive research entitled An Analysis of Flouting Maxims in “Forest Gump” Film Based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle (A Pragmatics Approach). The topic is chosen since it is interesting to figure out what speaker really means in his or her utterance. This research applies Pragmatics approach based on Grice’s theory. It consists of Cooperative Principles, their maxims and flouting maxims. In this research, the sources of data are the film entitled Forest Gump and the film script. In analyzing, the researcher applies a total sampling technique, where all 21 data are displayed in this research. This thesis is aimed to describe how the flouting maxims and the cooperative Principle can help the addressee to understand reason the intended meaning (implicature) employed by the characters in the film. The results of the data analysis show that there are three categories. The first category is flouting clash between maxims found in 21 data. The flouting clash