Integrated Coastal Area Management ICAM Methodology and Proposed ICAM Strategic Framework Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre Split, February 2008 Prepared by: Professor Harry Coccossis, PAP RAC Consultant Glafkos Constantinides, CAMP Cyprus Programme Manager Panicos Nicolaides, National Specialist ICAM Methodology and Proposed ICAM Strategic Framework Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre Split, February 2008 Table of Contents List of Figures...................................................................................................................................................ii List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................................ii 1. ICAM Concept, Principles and Current Experience: Mediterranean and EU Dimension........ 1 1.1 Coastal Areas............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 The Coastal Area of Cyprus – A Brief Summary ....................................................................................... 1 1.3 Mediterranean and European Perspectives .............................................................................................. 2 1.4 CAMPs ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. An Overview of Coastal Development in Cyprus........................................................................ 5 2.1 The Process and Extent of Coastalization................................................................................................. 5 2.2 The Policy Front ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3. Sectoral Policies .......................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Population Trends ................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Economic Policies ................................................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Water Development Policies.................................................................................................................... 14 3.4 Fisheries Policies..................................................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Agricultural Policies ................................................................................................................................. 18 3.6 Roads, Infrastructure and Coastal Works Policies................................................................................... 19 3.7 Tourism Policies ...................................................................................................................................... 20 3.8 Land and Sea Use Planning Policies....................................................................................................... 21 4. Key Issues, Problems and Deficiencies .................................................................................... 23 4.1 Fisheries.................................................................................................................................................. 23 4.2 Agriculture and Water Resources............................................................................................................ 23 4.3 Population and Rural Development ......................................................................................................... 24 4.4 Tourism (Coastal/Hinterland Split)........................................................................................................... 25 4.5 Land Use Planning and Sea Use Issues ................................................................................................. 26 4.6 Landscape and Heritage ......................................................................................................................... 27 4.7 “Artificialization” of the Coast................................................................................................................... 28 5. Need for Harmonization – Towards ICAM Strategy Framework.............................................. 33 5.1 An Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 33 5.2 The Main Approach Adopted For the Formulation of the ICAMSF .......................................................... 33 6. ICAM Strategy Statement ............................................................................................................ 37 6.1 ICAM Approaches – Options, Implications, Merits, Demerits .................................................................. 37 6.2 Development-Driven Approach................................................................................................................ 37 6.3 Conservation-Driven Approach................................................................................................................ 38 6.4 Integrated Approach ................................................................................................................................ 39 6.5 Integrating the ICAMSF in the National Policy Framework...................................................................... 40 6.6 The Role of the Island Plan ..................................................................................................................... 40 6.7 The Proposed Integrated Coastal Area Management Strategic Framework (ICAMSF)........................... 41 Annex I: The Lisbon Strategy............................................................................................................. 47 Annex II: Strategic Development Plan 2007-13, Planning Bureau, Republic of Cyprus .............. 49 Annex III: Case Studies Illustrating Some of the Environment/Development Conflicts in Coastal Areas............................................................................................................................... 51 Annex IV: A strategic Approach to the Management of the Cyprus Coastal Zone ...................... 53 i List of Figures Figure 1: Concentration of population, development and infrastructure plants in the coastal areas (Source: World Bank “Environmental Review Report”, 1992)..................................... 5 Figure 2: Population by age and sex, 2005 ........................................................................................ 13 Figure 3: “Artificialized” coast.............................................................................................................. 29 Figure 4: Natural coast........................................................................................................................ 29 Figure 5: Administration of coastal areas: planning system and multiple building licensing responsibilities along coastal areas..................................................................................... 31 Figure 6: Typical policy and managerial zones and areas of ambiguity along coastal areas............. 31 List of Tables Table 1: Tourism hotel accommodation capacity (no of beds) 1980, 1990, 2005............................... 2 Table 2: CAMP Projects ...................................................................................................................... 4 Table 3: Coastal population increase in Cyprus 1981-2001................................................................ 6 Table 4: Population decline in rural areas 1981-2001 by order........................................................... 7 Table 5: Population by sex (census years)........................................................................................ 12 Table 6: Indicators of result for Priority Axis 3 ................................................................................... 17 Table 7: Result Indicators for Priority Axis 5...................................................................................... 18 Table 8: The quality of the bathing waters of Cyprus for the years 2004-2006................................. 24 Table 9: Development along the coast (length of coastal land in km)............................................... 28 Table 10: Development profile of the Cyprus coast............................................................................. 29 Table 11: Built up area in the coastal municipalities/communities ...................................................... 30 Table 12: Coastal municipalities/communities by district .................................................................... 30 Table 13: Coastal protection status in selected countries ................................................................... 32 Table 14: Approach to ICAM Framework ............................................................................................34 Table 15: Mediterranean, EU and National Strategy Documents ....................................................... 34 ii 1. ICAM Concept, Principles and Current Experience: Mediterranean and EU Dimension 1.1 Coastal Areas Coastal areas are unique geographical spaces where development and