University of Pardubice Faculty of Arts and Philosophy Analysis of Ellipsis in Administrative and Journalistic Style Petra Chaloupková Bachelor Thesis 2017 Prohlašuji: Tuto práci jsem vypracovala samostatně. Veškeré literární prameny a informace, které jsem v práci využila, jsou uvedeny v seznamu použité literatury. Byla jsem seznámena s tím, že se na moji práci vztahují práva a povinnosti vyplývající ze zákona č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon, zejména se skutečností, že Univerzita Pardubice má právo na uzavření licenční smlouvy o užití této práce jako školního díla podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona, a s tím, že pokud dojde k užití této práce mnou nebo bude poskytnuta licence o užití jinému subjektu, je Univerzita Pardubice oprávněna ode mne požadovat přiměřený příspěvek na úhradu nákladů, které na vytvoření díla vynaložila, a to podle okolností až do jejich skutečné výše. Souhlasím s prezenčním zpřístupněním své práce v Univerzitní knihovně. V Pardubicích dne 28. 3. 2017 Petra Chaloupková Acknowledgement I would like to thank my supervisor PhDr. Šárka Ježková, Ph.D. for her time, guidance and valuable advice. Annotation This bachelor thesis deals with ellipsis and its occurrence in administrative and journalistic style. The paper consists of two parts, the theoretical part and the analysis. In the theoretical part, ellipsis will be defined and classified in terms of recoverability type of ellipsis and its position within a construction. Moreover, the attention will be also drawn to ellipted sentence elements and their possible combinations. The analytical part subsequently studies the types and frequency of ellipsis identified within the administrative and journalistic style. The task of the analysis is to find out which type of ellipsis is preferred in the particular style. Keywords ellipsis, grammatical cohesion, coordination, administrative style, journalistic style Název Analýza výskytu elipsy v administrativním a žurnalistickém stylu Anotace Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá elipsou a jejím výskytem v administrativním a žurnalistickém stylu. V teoretické části je elipsa definována a dále rozdělena podle kontextu, ze kterého byla obnovena. Následně je elipsa charakterizována s ohledem na vynechané větné členy a jejich možné kombinace. Analytická část se zabývá typy a frekvencí elips administrativního a žurnalistického stylu. Úkolem analýzy bude zjistit, který z typů elipsy je preferován v daném stylu. Klíčová slova elipsa, gramatická koheze, koordinace, administrativní styl, žurnalistický styl Obsah 0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 9 1 Cohesion and cohesive ties, coherence ........................................................................... 10 2 Classification of grammatical cohesion ......................................................................... 11 2.1 Reference .................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Substitution ................................................................................................................ 12 2.3 Ellipsis ........................................................................................................................ 12 3 Definition of ellipsis ......................................................................................................... 13 4 Classification of ellipsis ................................................................................................... 15 4.1 Recoverability types of ellipsis .................................................................................. 15 4.1.1 Textual ellipsis .................................................................................................... 15 4.1.1.1 Ellipsis in coordination ................................................................................... 16 4.1.2 Situational ellipsis ............................................................................................... 19 4.1.3 Structural ellipsis ................................................................................................ 20 4.2 Positional categories of ellipsis .................................................................................. 21 5 Ellipsis of major clause elements .................................................................................... 22 5.1 Ellipsis of subject ....................................................................................................... 22 5.2 Ellipsis of verb phrase ................................................................................................ 22 5.3 Ellipsis of direct object ............................................................................................... 23 5.4 Ellipsis of subject complement .................................................................................. 23 5.5 Ellipsis of adverbial .................................................................................................... 24 5.6 Ellipsis of auxiliary .................................................................................................... 24 5.7 Ellipsis of head of noun phrase and of prepositional complement ............................ 25 5.8 Ellipsis of preposition ................................................................................................ 25 5.9 Ellipsis of conjunction................................................................................................ 25 6 Introduction to the analysis ............................................................................................ 27 6.1 Corpus description ..................................................................................................... 27 6.2 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 28 7 Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 30 7.1 Analysis of administrative style ................................................................................. 30 7.2 Analysis of journalistic style ...................................................................................... 31 7.3 Analysis of ellipted sentence elements ...................................................................... 32 7.3.1 Ellipsis of subject ................................................................................................ 32 7.3.2 Ellipsis of verb phrase ......................................................................................... 33 7.3.3 Ellipsis of direct object ....................................................................................... 34 7.3.4 Ellipsis of subject complement ........................................................................... 34 7.3.5 Ellipsis of auxiliary ............................................................................................. 34 7.3.6 Ellipsis of head of noun phrase ........................................................................... 35 7.3.7 Ellipsis of prepositional complement ................................................................. 36 7.3.8 Ellipsis of preposition ......................................................................................... 36 7.3.9 Ellipsis of conjunction ........................................................................................ 37 7.4 Ellipsis of other items................................................................................................. 37 7.4.1 Ellipsis of pre-modifier ....................................................................................... 37 7.4.2 Ellipsis of infinitive marker ................................................................................ 38 7.4.3 Ellipsis of prepositional phrase ........................................................................... 38 7.4.4 Ellipsis of noun phrase ........................................................................................ 38 7.4.5 Ellipsis of determiner .......................................................................................... 39 8 Results summary ............................................................................................................. 40 9 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 42 10 Resumé .............................................................................................................................. 45 11 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 49 12 Appendices ....................................................................................................................... 52 12.1 List of abbreviations ................................................................................................... 52 12.2 Appendix AS 1 ........................................................................................................... 53 12.3 Appendix AS 2 ........................................................................................................... 57 12.4 Appendix AS 3 ........................................................................................................... 60 12.5 Appendix AS 4 ..........................................................................................................