Monumental Brass Society 5, 2013 XVIII, PART BRASS SOCIETY VOLUME OF THE MONUMENTAL TRANSACTIONS Volume XVIII, Part 5, 2013. ISSN 0143-1250 Monumental Brass Society Editorial 385 2013 Monumental Brass Society: Grant of Arms and Crest 386 Thomas Woodcock The Brass of King Christopher I at Ribe 388 Jerome Bertram The Commemorative Strategies of the Frowyks of Medieval London and Middlesex 391 Jessica Freeman Cathédrale ou Collégiale?: Monuments and Commemoration in Late Medieval Toul 423 Paul Cockerham Lettering on Small Brass Plates 1600-1850 467 George Thomson Animal Creation: the Curious Brass to Thomas Rymer Jones 490 Philip Whittemore Conservation of brasses, 2012 495 William Lack Reviews 504 Index 510 The Society would like to thank the Francis Coales Charitable Foundation (Greenhill Fund) for grant assistance towards the production of this issue. Contributors are solely responsible for all views and opinions contained in the Transactions, which do not necessarily represent those of the Society. © Monumental Brass Society and the authors, 2013 Registered Charity No. 214336 www.mbs-brasses.co.uk TRANSACTIONS Monumental Brass Society Monumental Brass Society Volume XVIII, Part 5, 2013. ISSN 0143-1250 (Founded in 1887 as the Cambridge University Association of Brass Collectors) President H.M. Stuchfield, J.P., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. Editorial 385 Vice-Presidents Rev. Fr. J.F.A. Bertram, M.A., F.S.A. Monumental Brass Society: Grant of Arms and Crest 386 P.D. Cockerham, M.A., Ph.D., Vet.M.B., F.S.A., M.R.C.V.S. Thomas Woodcock Prof. N.E. Saul, M.A., D.Phil., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. N.J. Rogers, M.A., M.Litt., F.S.A. The Brass of King Christopher I at Ribe 388 Ven. D.G. Meara, M.A., F.S.A. Jerome Bertram S.G.H. Freeth, B.A., Dip.Arch.Admin., F.S.A. Hon. Secretary The Commemorative Strategies of the Frowyks C.O. Steer, M.A. of Medieval London and Middlesex 391 Jessica Freeman Hon. Treasurer Mrs. J.A. Lutkin, M.A., Ph.D. Cathédrale ou Collégiale?: Monuments and Hon. Editor Commemoration in Late Medieval Toul 423 N.J. Rogers, M.A., M.Litt., F.S.A. Paul Cockerham Hon. Bulletin Editor Lettering on Small Brass Plates 1600-1850 467 W.G. Lack, B.Sc. George Thomson Additional members of Executive Council J.C. Bayliss, B.A., F.S.A. Animal Creation: the Curious Brass to Thomas Rymer Jones 490 D.A. Chivers, B.A.(Hons.), F.S.A., F.R.G.S. Philip Whittemore R.C. Kinsey, M.A., Ph.D. J.L.H. Moor, LL.B.(Hons.), B.A.(Hons.) Conservation of brasses, 2012 495 Miss P. Walker, B.A.(Hons.) William Lack Ms J. Whitham, B.Ed.(Hons.) Reviews 504 All communications regarding membership, the general conditions of the Society, etc., Index 510 to be addressed to the Hon. Secretary, Christian Steer, M.A., 8 Shefford Lodge, Link Road, Newbury, Berkshire RG14 7LR; editorial matter to the Hon. Editor, Nicholas Rogers, M.A., M.Litt., F.S.A., c/o The Muniment Room, Sidney Sussex College, The Society would like to thank the Francis Coales Charitable Foundation (Greenhill Fund) for grant Cambridge CB2 3HU, who will be pleased to supply Notes for Contributors and to assistance towards the production of this issue. discuss proposed articles. Contributors are solely responsible for all views and opinions contained in the Transactions, which do not necessarily represent those of the Society. Cover: Group of daughters from the brass to Thomas Frowyk III (d. 1448) and widow Elizabeth (LSW.II), from South Mimms, Hertfordshire (formerly Middlesex). © Monumental Brass Society and the authors, 2013 Registered Charity No. 214336 Photo.: Martin Stuchfield www.mbs-brasses.co.uk MBS transactions 2013 pt 1v5 folios_Monumental Brass Soc transactions 09/12/2013 10:29 Page 385 Editorial The study of monumental brasses has always provides the sole ornament. Heraldry can be had a strong heraldic element. It is to early used to express status, ancestry or connections, herald-antiquaries such as Nicholas Charles whether matrimonial or chivalric. and Sir William Dugdale that we owe much of our information about brasses destroyed in the The importance of heraldry has been Civil War or the Great Fire. As can be seen recognized within the Society, since the time from the Medieval Ordinary, of which the first when it was the Cambridge University volume appeared in 1992, brasses are a Association of Brass Collectors, by the valuable source of medieval heraldry, even appointment of an Honorary Heraldic though evidence of tinctures is rarely present. Adviser. The first of these was Sir Alfred Scott Evidence of identification often turns upon the Scott-Gatty, York Herald and then Garter correct interpretation of the heraldry of a Principal King of Arms. More recently the role brass. An example of this is S.D.T. Spittle’s has been filled by Sir Anthony Wagner, Sir study of the Trumpington brass, which helped Colin Cole and the present Garter King of bring about a reassessment of the earliest Arms, Thomas Woodcock, through whose kind English brasses. As the figure of Margaret de offices the Monumental Brass Society has Camoys at Trotton demonstrates, marblers become an armigerous corporation. With these were quick to realize the decorative potential should be remembered the heraldic labours of of heraldry. The brasses of Henry Frowyk III John A. Goodall, who made numerous at South Mimms and William Tonge at contributions to the Society’s publications, both All Hallows Barking, London, are early as an author and as a generous supplier of examples of monuments where heraldry information to others. MBS transactions 2013 pt 1v5 folios_Monumental Brass Soc transactions 09/12/2013 10:29 Page 386 MBS transactions 2013 pt 1v5 folios_Monumental Brass Soc transactions 09/12/2013 10:29 Page 387 Monumental Brass Society: Grant of Arms and Crest The Monumental Brass Society was founded in In the design of the Arms the Azure field is a 1887 as The Cambridge University Association reference to Purbeck marble and the bordure of Brass Collectors, changing its name to the symbolizes a brass fillet. The billets on the Monumental Brass Society on 1 January 1894. chevron represent sticks of heelball used by The objects of the Society include to endeavour brass rubbers and winnowing fans are taken to ensure the better preservation of from the Septvans brass at Chartham in Kent monumental brasses, indents of lost brasses and which shows without tinctures the Arms of incised slabs and to compile with a view to Azure three Winnowing Fans Or. publication a list of all extant brasses, indents and incised slabs both British and foreign. The Crest is recognizable as a demi-figure of In December 2001 the President, Martin Sir John de Cobham, third Baron Cobham, Stuchfield, on behalf of the Executive Council from his brass at Cobham, Kent, engraved of the Monumental Brass Society, petitioned c. 1367. He died at an advanced age in 1408, the Earl Marshal to direct the Kings of Arms seventy-four years after his marriage. The to grant Arms and a Crest to the Monumental church, which he holds in the brass is not Brass Society. identifiable as any particular church. The brass shows a full-length figure but demi-figures make The Arms and Crest were granted by Letters better Crests and to depersonalize it the figure Patent of Garter, Clarenceux and Norroy and is described as a demi Knight affronty in Ulster Kings of Arms dated 22 May 2012, thus armour of the fourteenth century. celebrating the 125 years of the Society since its foundation in 1887. The Arms were presented to the President, Martin Stuchfield, by Garter King of Arms at They are blazoned: a reception at the College of Arms on Arms: Azure a Chevron Or billetty Sable Wednesday, 27 June 2012. The Patent was between three Winnowing Fans within painted by Robert Parsons, one of the senior a Bordure Or Herald Painters and scrivened by Carole Thomann, Clerk of the Records at the College Crest: Upon a Helm with a Wreath Or and of Arms. Azure A demi Knight affronty in Armour of the fourteenth century Or garnished Sable holding a Model of a Church in perpendicular style with a central spire Argent the fenestrations Sable Garter Principal King of Arms Motto: Memoriam Conservare in Saecula meaning College of Arms To preserve the monument for future generations. MBS transactions 2013 pt 1v5 folios_Monumental Brass Soc transactions 09/12/2013 10:29 Page 388 The Brass of King Christopher I at Ribe Jerome Bertram The uncovering of the brass indent of King Christopher Ribe Cathedral in the series Danmarks Kirker.4 I of Denmark at Ribe Cathedral enables a reassessment The drawing by Abildgaard and the 1901 of its design and the techniques used in its manufacture. photograph are reproduced, but no more A date c. 1320 is suggested. information was forthcoming.5 One of the most important brass indents in By 2006, all had become clear. Two members northern Europe, that of King Christopher I of of the Monumental Brass Society visited Ribe, Denmark, lies in Ribe Cathedral, on the west and found that the indent had been excavated coast of Jutland. Dr. Cameron mentioned it, in again, and lifted from its original situation his detailed account of the brasses in Denmark, to rest on the floor of the north transept but he was unable to make sense of it, for it (Fig. 1). It was immediately recognisable from was then quite inaccessible, buried under the Cameron’s article, but equally immediately high altar, and the only evidence available comprehensible as the indent for an early was contradictory and inexplicable.1 Cameron Flemish brass of a type more familiar in was aware of a drawing made in 1776 by Scotland than in Flanders.