IAEA-TECDOC-445 SMAL MEDIUD LAN M POWER REACTORS 1987 A TECHNICAL DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1987 SMAL MEDIUD LAN M POWER REACTORS 1987 IAEA, VIENNA, 1987 IAEA-TECDOC-445 Printed by the IAEA in Austria December 1987 PLEAS AWARE EB E THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from IN IS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse5 0 10 P.Ox Bo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100, fore for e chequa th th f m IAEf m o n o n i i r eAo microfiche service coupons orderee whicb y hdma separately fro INIe mth S Clearinghouse. FOREWORD This TEC-DOC follows the publication of TEC DOC 347 Small and Medium Power Reactors Project Initiation Study - Phase I published in 1985 and TEC-DOC 376 Small and Medium Power Reactors 1985 published in 1986. It is mainly intended for decision makers in Developing Member States interested in embarking on a nuclear power programme. It consists of two parts : Part I; Guidelines for the introduction of Small and Medium Power Reactors in Developing Countries. These Guidelines were established during n Advisoro y Group Meeting hel n Vienni d5 May 1 ao t ,fro 1 19871 m . Their purpose is to review key aspects relating to the introduction f Smalo d Mediuan l m Power Reactor developinn i s g countries. Par: Up-dateII t d Informatio n o SMPn R Concepts Contribute y b Supplied r Industries. e Accordinrecommendationth o t e gSecon th f do s Technical Committee Meeting on SMPRs held in Vienna in March 1985, this part contains the up-dated information formerly published in Annex I of the above mentioned TEC DOC 347. EDITORIAL NOTE In preparing this material for the press, staff of the International Atomic Energy Agency have mounted and paginated the original manuscripts and given some attention to presentation. The views expresseddo not necessarily reflect those of the governments of the Member States or organizations under whose auspices the manuscripts were produced. thisin The bookuse particularof designations countriesof territoriesor does implynot any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities institutions and delimitation the of or theirof boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of their products or brand names does not imply any endorsement recommendationor IAEA. partthe the of on CONTENTS PART I - GUIDELINES FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM POWER REACTOR DEVELOPINN SI G COUNTRIES 1.1. Introduction ..............................................................................9 . 1.2. SMPR considerations ................................................................... 9 1.3. National development and energy policy ........................................... 10 1.4. Government commitment to nuclear power ........................................ 10 1.5. Public acceptance of a nuclear power programme ................................ 11 1.6. National infrastructure .................................................................1 1 . 1.6.1. General ..........................................................................1 1 . 1.6.2. National legislation ............................................................. 12 1.6.3. Organizational infrastructure ................................................. 12 1.6.4. Manpower .......................................................................3 1 . 1.7. Siting ......................................................................................4 1 . 1.8. Electrical grid ............................................................................ 14 1.9. Industrial participatio e nucleath n ni r power programme .......................5 1 . 1.10. Contractual approach .................................................................... 15 1.11. Financing .................................................................................. 16 1.12. Fuel cycle ................................................................................. 16 1.13. Operational waste managemen disposad an t l ......................................7 1 . 1.14. Technical assistance ..................................................................... 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................7 1 . LIST OF PARTICIPANTS .................................................................................. 19 PART II — UPDATED INFORMATION ON SMALL AND MEDIUM POWER REACTOR CONCEPTS CONTRIBUTED BY SUPPLIER COUNTRIES Introduction ..................................................................................... 23 11.1. ARGOS PHWR 380, ENACE, Argentina ...................................... 24 11.2. CANDU 300 - AECL, Canada .................................................. 31 FRAMATOME— 0 30 P 11.3N . , France .............................................5 3 . 11.4. BBC/HRB - HTR, FRG ........................................................... 39 11.5. INTERATOM - HTR Module, FRG ........................................... 51 11.6. KWU PHWR 300, FRG ............................................................ 58 11.7. ANSALDO NIR300R APW , Italy ..............................................0 6 . 11.8. ANSALDO NIRA CIRENE 300, Italy .......................................... 63 11.9. HITACHI BWR 500, Japan ........................................................ 67 11.10. HITACHI SBWR 200, Japan ...................................................... 69 11.11. MITSUBISHI PWR 300, Japan ................................................... 71 11.12. TOSHIBA BWR 500, Japan ....................................................... 72 11.13. TOSHIBA BWR 300, Japan ....................................................... 73 11.14. ASEA ATO M- PIUS , Sweden .................................................7 7 . 11.15. GEC Magnox, UK ................................................................... 82 11.16. NNC Magnox 300, UK ............................................................. 83 11.17. ROLLS-ROYCE Prefabricated PWR 300, UK ................................. 87 11.18. B&W CNSG, USA .................................................................. 91 11.19. B&W CNSS, USA ................................................................... 95 11.20. G.E. Future Small BWR ..................................................A ,US 9 9 . 11.21. G.E. HTGR ..................................................................A US , 4 10 . 11.22. G.E. PRISM, USA .................................................................. 104 11.23. ATOMENERGOEXPORT WER 440, USSR ................................. 109 PART I GUIDELINE INTRODUCTIOE TH R SFO N SMALF O MEDIUD LAN M POWER REACTORS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES I.I. INTRODUCTION e e purposguidelineTh th f o revieo t e s y aspecti ske w s relatine th o t g introductio f o Smald nMediu an l m Power Reactors (SMPRs n i developin) g countries. Accordin e Agency'th o t g s definitio n electricita n SMP a ns i R y producing nuclear powe r e capacit 0 MWeplanth 50 n ,o i t TEC-DO y0 rang10 Cf o e 347, (see bibliography). These guidelines are mainly intended for decision makers in developing countries interested in embarking on a nuclear power programme. The various SMPR studies implemented by the Agency have shown that nuclear energy is a viable alternative in many developing countries to face electricity consumption increase. SMPRs present interesting featuree th r fo s introductio f nucleao n r energ n thosi y e countries t thiBu .s introductios ha n to be analyzed under country specific conditions. The Agency upon request will assist Member State undertakinn i s g such studies. 1.2. SMPR CONSIDERATIONS Particularly for developing countries, it is clearly recognized that the utilization of nuclear power is necessary for diversification of energy resources. In considering the choice between SMPRs and larger power reactors, a numberther e f ar factoreo s which ten o favout d e SMPth rR concept e maiTh .n factors are summarized as follows: recognizing that a single unit should not exceed a given fraction of the grid size ,e introduceb SMPR y n earliesma a t a d r date than larger units, therefore SMPRs allo r earliefo w r introductio f nucleao n r power programme wit n earliea h r realizatio e resultinth f o n g potential benefits, in considering grid characteristics, SMPRs provide a better fit in terms of grid size and demand growth rate, and generally result in less requirements for grid adaptation and additional reserve margins, e morb SMPR ey ma ssimila n siz i ro othe t e r industrial projects existing in developing countries, there is the potential that, relative to larger reactors, overall management of an SMPR project may be easier, lead times may be shorter, siting could be less restrictive, smaller demands may be placed on the transportation syste t earliea m r dates d thaan , t financin e morb ey ma g easily obtained. s importani t I e abovo notth t t ef o factorthal al t se assesseb hav o t e d on a country specific basis. s describeA f thi o n Par i dI s I t publication, presently ther e severaar e l SMPR alternatives under various stages of development, thereby allowing flexibility for developing countries in their plant and/or programme selection. Notwithstandin e perceiveth g d advantage s listea s d above,e b ther y ma e certain