perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id CHAPTER II INSTITUTION Pura Mangkunegaran Palace In this chapter I will describe all about of Pura Mangkunegaran Palace. There will be explained about the story, vision and mission, the management, and the attraction of The Palace. 1. The Brief History of Pura Mangkunegaran Palace According to Pamodyo (2010, PP.1-5) Pura Mangkunegaran Palace is one of tourist attractions in Solo which is located on Jl. Ronggowarsito, Surakarta, Central Java. Mangkunegaran Palace or usually called Pura Mangkunegaran was established by Prince Mangkunegoro I or Praja Mangkunegaran or Raden Mas (R.M.) Said who is also known as Pangeran Samber Nyawa. Raden Mas Said was born in Kartasura Palace on April 17, 1725. He is the son of Prince Aryo Mangkunegoro and R.A Wulan. Patih Danurejo who was the vice regent of Mataram Kingdom and King’s assistant exiling Aryo Mangkunegoro to Srilanka because he had family affair with the mistress of Paku Buwono II, Dewi Larasati. In 1740, there was the China rebellion against the Dutch in Batavia. This rebellion was followed by Mataram Kingdom and regions around it. Raden Mas Said, who was still young, and his brother joined with Mataram people fighting against the Dutch. They left the palace and went to Nglareh region in Wonogiri. It caused R.M Said more powerful and stronger because the people supported his struggle. Patih Kadunawarsa from Mangkunegaran suggested him to join with Sunan Kuning in Randu lawang region to fight together. He also joined his father in law, Kanjeng Pangeran Mangkubumi, to fight against the Dutch which wasin alliance with Sultan Hamengkubuwono I. R.M. Said won in every fight against the Dutch. After all of the struggle, the Dutch and alliance offered R.M Said to sign a territorial land agreement namely Perjanjian Gianti in Kali Cacing, Salatiga City. According to the agreement, R.M Said was crowned as Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Aryo Mangkunegoro and had an equal position with the othercommit kings to of user Java. In addition, some exceptions stated 3 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id in Gianti treaty they are; the king was not allowed to sit upon the throne, the Balai Winata bulding, a pair of city square and a pair of Bayan tree. It means to distinguish his authority from the king of Kasunanan Surakarta Palace and King of Kasultanan Yogyakarta Palace. The authority of Praja Magkunegaran included Kaduang Land, Nglaroh, Wiroko, Hariboyo, Hangkuboyo, Kedu, Sambuyan Gunung Kidul, Northern Pajang in the south of Solo City; Kartasura and Mataram road. As the first leader of Mangkunegaran, he was also considered as a National Hero by the Indonesian Government. It is due to his strugle to fight against the Dutch government leading to the Indonesian independence in latter days. 2. The Description of Pura Mangkunegaran Palace Pura Mangkunegaran Palace occupies an area of 10.000 m2. It is a Javanese architecture building with typical Javanese ornaments and some historical collections showing highly artistic Javanese culture. There are three main buildings in Pura Mankunegaran Palace. They are Pendapa Ageng, Paringgitan and Dalem Ageng. There are other buildings such as Pracimoyoso, Bale Peni, Bale Warni and Rekso pustoko Library. a. Pendapa Ageng According to Singgih (1986, PP.1-4) The first main building is Pendapa Ageng. Pendapa Ageng is the biggest Pendapa in Indonesia. The shape of Pendapa building is joglo (a traditional Javanese house). The length of Pendapa Ageng is 62.50 meters and the width is 51.60 meter. Pendapa Ageng is a large space which is available for five to ten thousand people. It has been used to hold coronation, ceremony, wedding ceremony, traditional ceremony and traditional dance. The Pendapa has special characteristics. It has four Pillars. It is called Soko guru placed in the middle of Pendapa. The pillars made of logs of teak wood which were taken from Magkunegaran forest, Wonogiri. The height of each pillar is 10.50 meters and the width is 40 cm. The structure of the buildings was built without using any nail but purus (wooden nail-like). In the west part of Pendapa, there are three sets of gamelan, a set of Javanese traditional music instruments. Theycommit are to Kyaiuser Kanyut Mesem, Kyai Seton and Kyai Lipur Sari. The first is Kyai Kanyut Mesem, which is oldest gamelan in Pendapa 4 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id Ageng. It is used for important ceremony in Pura Mangkunegaran Palace. The second one is Kyai Lipur Sari. It is played every Wednesday with traditional dance performance. And the last one is Kyai Seton. It is played every Saturday, it is used for training of traditional dance performance. According to Albiladiyah (1999, PP.55-94) In the middle of the ceiling of pendapa, there is a decoration of painting called Kumodowati, Javanese Zodiac symbol. It was painted in 1937 by Liem Tio Hien (a Chinese) and designed by Mr. Karsten from Holland. The motif of painting is called Modhang (fire/flame motif). Along the edge of the painting, it can be seen the frame with repeated various designs of compass painting which represent the weapons of the God. In the center of the painting, there are eight mystical colors which symbolize magical power. The meaning of those mystical colors is as follows: 1. Yellow : preventing sleeplessness 2. Blue : preventing disease 3. Black : preventing hunger 4. Green : preventing desire 5. White : preventing lust 6. Orange : preventing fear 8. Purple : preventing bad thinking b. Paringgitan According to Albiladiyah (1999, PP.5-6) the second building of Pura Mangkunegaran Palace is Paringgitan. Paringgitan is derived from the word Para (Place) and Ringgit (Puppet). This building is used for Wayang Kulit (leather puppet) performance. Paringgitan is also used to receive official guests of the Royal family. 2 The size of Paringgitan commitbuilding to useris 21, 50x17, 50 or 375, 25 m and it is called kutuk ngambang. In this room, we can sightsee some paintings made by 5 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id Basuki Abdullah such as of the King Mangkunegara VII until IX and his wife, Gusti Putri (queen). Paringgitan is also decorated by the presence of two Chinese statues and two Italian statues each holding porch. c. Dalem Ageng According to Singgih (1986, PP.6) Dalem Ageng is the main building in Pura Mangkunegaran. This place is considered as sacred and holy place. It is constructed in the Limasan (Pyramid) architectural style and has a huge room, hall. This area has eight saka guru. Its size is 383, 75 m2. There is a painting on the ceiling, which is called Surya Sumirat, which means the sun shines. There are three doors which are used to enter the building. The biggest door is in the middle. It is only opened at certain special ceremonies of royal family such as the wedding party, circumcision, and the coronation. The inner side of the big hall has a place called Krobongan. It is a meditation room for the Prince. Dalem Ageng is also used to display valuable collections of relics by Mangkunegara VII. These relics consist of gold and bronze articles from Hindu, Majapahit (1293-1478) and Mataram (1586-1755) periods. Collections which are displayed in Pura Mangkunegaran Palace are as follows; Gold Buddhist Rings, a gold belts, Gold coin, Gold Javanese weapon (Keris), Javanese danger handles, ancient oil lamps, temple bells, bronze Bodhisattva statues and dance equipments. d. Other Rooms in the Palace 1. Pracimoyoso According to Pramodyo (2010, PP.28-29) Pracimoyoso was built in 1930s. It is a mixed architecture building, between Javanese style and modern one. It is located in the North West part of the Pura. There is a small park in front of this place. There are various flowers and fish pond with lion statue. It is used for receiving guests of the Royal Family. There are interesting decorations in this room. It is decorated with large mirrors on the wall of the rooms. Besides, there are several tables and chair sets and cupboard with the picture of the big Mangkunegaran family. There are also foreign guests’ pictures ofcommit Queen to Yuliana user and her husband from Dutch and 6 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id Queen Fabiolla and her husband from Belgium. It is a sign of good relationship between two kingdoms in the past. In the dining room of Pracimoyoso, there is a beautiful mirror made by a Dutch named Mr. Karsten. At the edge of the table in dining room, there is also a carved ivory describing the story of Ramayana. It is believed that this carving was made by a Balinese for thirty years of making. 2. Bale Peni According to Singgih (1986, PP.6-7) Bale Peni is a residence for the Prince and his men maid. It is located on the right side of Dalem Ageng. Public or visitors are not allowed to visit this area because it is a private part of the palace intended for family only. 3. Bale Warni According to Singgih (1986, PP.6-7) Bale Warni is a residence for the Princess and her women maid. This place is located on the left side of Dalem Ageng and near Pracimoyoso. The public is allowed to visit it. There is a beautiful garden with flowering trees, kinds of bird and ornamental shrubs. 4. Rekso Pustoko Library According to Albiladiyah (1999, PP.8) Rekso Pustoko was established in 1867 by Prince Mangkunegara IV. This library is located on the second floor in the east part of Pura Mangkunegaran Palace. Rekso Pustoko library has many collections of literature which werewritten in Sanskrit language.