TurkJZool 30(2006)345-356 ©TÜB‹TAK TheFaunaandSystematicsoftheGenus Tephritis Latreille, 1804(Diptera:Tephritidae)withaKeytotheSpeciesof Tephritis inTurkey MuratKÜTÜK* ‹nönüUniversity,FacultyofArtsandScience,DepartmentofBiology,44280,Malatya-TURKEY Received:29.03.2005 Abstract: Thisstudyisbasedon Tephritis speciescollectedfrom25provincesinTurkeyduring1999-2003.Twenty-twospecies ofTephritis wererecognized,ofwhichTephritismariannae MerzisanewrecordforthefaunaofTurkey.Identificationkeystothe specieswereprepared.Thelocality,hostplantsandfiguresofwingpatternofeachspeciesaregiven.Distributionofthespe ciesin Turkeyandworldwideisincluded. KeyWords: Tephritis,Tephritidae,Key,Systematic,Fauna,Turkey TürkiyeTephritis Latreille,1804(Diptera:Tephritidae)TürlerininTan›Anahtar›ile Tephritis CinsininSistemati¤iveFaunas› Özet: Buçal›flma1999-2003y›llar›aras›ndaTürkiye’dentoplanan Tephritis Latreilletürlerinedayanmaktad›r.Türkiye’nin25 ilinden22Tephritis türübelirlenmiflolupT.mariannae MerzTürkiyefaunas›içinyenikay›tt›r.Tespitedilentürleriçinteflhisanahtar› haz›rlanm›flt›r.Herbirtürünlokalitesi,konukçubitkilerivekanatdeseniverilmifltir.TürlerinDünyaveTürkiye’dekiyay›l›fl lar› belirtilmifltir. AnahtarSözcükler: Tephritis,Tephritidae,Tan›Anahtar›,Sistematik,Fauna,Türkiye Introduction Tephritis isdistinguishedfromallotherTephritinae Tephritis isthesixthlargestgenusofTephritidaeand generabythefollowingcombinationofcharacters(onlythe thirdlargestgenusintheTephritinae,withabout170 majorcharactersarelisted;morecompletelistsof species(Wang,1996;Norrbometal.,1999;Korneyev characterscanbefoundinFreidbergandKugler(1989) andDilberk,2000).Althoughthegenusisknownfrom andMerz(1994)):2orbitalsetae,anteriorsetaeacuminate mostzoogeographicregions,themajorityofthespecies anddark(brownorblackish),posteriorsetaeusually (about120)arepalaearctic.Themostcomprehensive lanceolateandpale(whitishoryellowish;in2species keytospeciesisHering’s(1944).Modernkeysto brownorblack);2darkfrontalsetae;dorsocentralsetae speciesforseveralcountriesareavailable(e.g., situatedonorslightlyposteriortotransversesuture; FreidbergandKugler,1989,forIsraelandnearby scutellumflat,with2pairsofsetae,apicalsetaeabout0.5- areas;Merz,1994,forNorthandCentralEurope; 0.6timesaslongasbasalsetae;wingpatternhighly White,1988,forGreatBritain;Wang,1996,forChina; variableamongthespecies,usuallyreticulatewithwell- KütükandÖzgür2003,forTurkey),butneither developedapicalfork,sometimesstellate[asin T.cometa moderncomprehensivetreatmentsnoraphylogenyfor (Loew)],orevenbanded[asinT.postica (Loew)];oviscape thegenusareavailable. somewhatflatteneddorsoventrally. *E-mail:[email protected] 345 TheFaunaandSystematicsoftheGenus Tephritis Latreille,1804(Diptera:Tephritidae)withaKeytotheSpeciesof Tephritis inTurkey Mostspeciesof Tephritis infesttheflowerheadsof KeytoSpeciesofTephritis inTurkey Asteraceaehosts,collectivelybelongingtoseveraltribes, 1. Apicalforkabsent;onlyisolatedbrownspots withorwithouttheinductionofgalls.Afewspecies presentatendofveinsR andM(Figures7,10, inducetheformationofgallsinstemsorrootsof 4+5 15).........……………………………..................2 Asteraceae(Freidberg,1984;Merz,1994). – Apicalforkpresent(Figures1,2,11,12)............4 2. Brownspotsarelargeronwing;hyalineareasare MaterialsandMethods smaller(Figure7)...……...……….formosa (Loew) Thespecimenswerecollectedbyinsectnetfrom – Brownspotsaresmaller;hyalineareaisenlargedon variouslocationsinTurkeyduring1999-2003.Adult specimenswerecollectedfromtheflowerheadsbyinsect wing(Figures10,15)…....................................3 net.Thespecimenswerekilledinakillingjar.Specimens 3. Pterostigmaishyalineontip;5-6aroundhyalineareas werecollectedfrom25provincesinTurkey.The presentincellsr4+5andbr;thepatternofwingbigger specimensofTephritis weredepositedatthemuseumof inthesecells.(Figure10) ........hyoscyami (Linneaus) ‹nönüUniversity,DepartmentofBiology,Malatya. – Pterostigmaiscompletelydarkbrown;only 1- SpecieswereidentifiedaccordingtoHering(1944), 2hyalineareaspresentincellsr 4+5 andbr;the FreidbergandKugler(1989),andMerz(1994).The patternofwingnotbiginthesecells(Figure15) terminologyfollowsprimarilyWhiteetal.(2000),Merz …..................................................postica (Loew) (1994),FreidbergandMathis(1986),andFreidbergand 4. Branchesofapicalforkuniformlynarrowalongtheir Kugler(1989).ExtensivesynonymyisgiveninThompson entirelength(Figures1,2,3).............………....5 (1998).Hostplantsweredeterminedbyfiemsettin Civelek(FıratUniversity,DepartmentofBiology,Elazı¤, – Branchesofapicalforkwidendistinctlytowards Turkey)andNecattinTürkmen(ÇukurovaUniversity, wingmargin(Figures11,12,21)....……..……13 DepartmentofBiology,Adana,Turkey). 5. Threehyalineareaspresentincellr 1 (Figures1,2, Anidentificationkeytothespecieswasprepared. 3,17,18)………............................……………6 Materialexamined,theirhostrange,distributionand – Twohyalineareaspresentincellr (Figures5,9, picturesofwingofallspeciesweregiven.Thebodyand 1 13,20)………...……...........................………10 wingmeasurementsofspecieswerepresented.For convenience,thefollowingspeciesaccountsarepresented 6. Brownorblackpatterndistinctlypresentincellcua1 inalphabeticalorder. (Figures3,17,18)…..................................…...7 – Brownorblackpatternabsentincellcua 1 orafew Results smallspotspresent(Figures1,3)…………...….9 Twenty-twospecies( Tephritisacanthiophilopsis,T. 7. Cellr2+3nearcrossveinR-Mwith2hyalinespots,1 carmen,T.cometa,T.dioscurea,T.divisa,T.fallax,T. alignedproximaland1distaltocrossvein(Figure formosa,T.frauenfeldi,T.hurvitzi,T.hyoscyami,T. 17)…………….……...……………pulchra (Loew) mariannae,T.matricariae,T.merzi,T.nigricauda,T. – Cellr2+3 nearcrossveinR-Mwithonly1hyalinespot, postica,T.praecox,T.pulchra,T.recurrens,T.sauteri, 1aligneddistaltocrossvein(Figures2,18)..…...8 T.separata,T.simplex and T.vespertina)werecollected 8. Twobighyalinespotsincellr notreachingvein during1999-2003.Tephritismariannaeis anewrecord 1 R ;armsofapicalforkslightlybroadeneddistally forthefaunaofTurkey. Forthefirsttime,amodern 2+3 (Figure2)...……....………..………carmen Hering comprehensivekeywaspreparedforspeciesof Tephritis collectedfromTurkey.Distributionofthespeciesin – Twobighyalinespotsincellr 1 reachingveinR 2+3; Turkeyandworldwideisstated.Hostplantsofthe armsofapicalforknotbroadeneddistally(Figure speciesaregiven. 18)………..……………………….recurrens Loew 346 M.KÜTÜK 9. Fronsabout1.8timesaslongaseyeswide;third 16. Theindentationatapexofaculeusaslongaswideat segmentofantennaabout1.7timesaslongaswide; apexofaculeus……………………mariannae Merz 2ormorehyalineareaspresentincellm(Figure3). ..................................................... cometa (Loew) – Theindentationatapexofaculeus0.3timesaslong aswideatapexofaculeus……..matricariae (Loew) – Fronsabout1.2timesaslongaseyeswide;third segmentofantennaabout1.4timesaslongaswide; 17. Mesonotumisgraypollinose;thirdsegmentof only1hyalineareapresentincellm(Figure1) antennaabout1.4timesaslongaswide;apical .......................................acanthiophilopsis Hering scutellarsetaeabout0.4timesaslongasbasal 10. Only1hyalinespotpresentnearandposteriorof scutellarsetae;apicalforkcompletelybroadand crossveinR-Mincellr4+5 (Figure5).. divisa Rondani hyalineareasbetweenapicalforkissmall.(Figure 22)...........................................vespertina (Loew) – Twohyalinespotspresentnearandposteriorof crossveinR-Mincellr4+5 (Figures9,13,20)..…11 – Mesonotumisbrownpollinose;thirdsegmentof 11. Hyalinespotsabsentnearandanteriorofcrossvein antennaabout2timesaslongaswide;apical R-Mincellbr(Figures9,13,20)...separataRondani scutellarsetaeabout0.6timesaslongasbasal – Twohyalinespotspresentnearandposteriorof scutellarsetae;apicalforkonlyatapexbroadand crossveinR-Mincellbr(Figures9,13,20)...…12 hyalineareasbetweenapicalforkisbigger(Figure 6)....................................................fallax (Loew) 12. Hyalinebaseofwingwithoutsmallgrayorblackish markings;darkpreapicalrayincelldmusually 18. Cellr 2+3 nearcrossveinR-Mwith2hyalinespots reachinghindmarginofwingevenifinterruptedin (Figures8,16)………............................….….19 middle(Figure9);mesonotumwithindistinct striation……….…..........……...hurvitzi Freidberg – Cellr 2+3 nearcrossveinR-Mwith3hyalinespots (Figures4,14,19)…......................................20 – Hyalinebaseofwingwithsmallgrayorblackish markings;darkpreapicalrayincelldmusuallynot 19. Thehyalinespotpresentinpterostigma;2large reachinghindmarginofwing(Figure13); hyalinespotspresentincelld(Figure16) mesonotumwithdistinctblackandgraystriation ………………………….……..…..praecox (Loew) …………….……………….merzi Freidberg-Kütük – Thehyalinespotabsentinpterostigma;5hyaline 13. Threehyalinespotspresentincellr 1 (Figures6,11, 12,21,22)...............................................…..14 spots(largeorsmall)presentincelld(Figure8) …………………..………...……frauenfeldi Hendel – Twohyalinespotspresentincellr 1 (Figures4,8, 14,16,19)……….........................………..…18 20. Veinm3timesaslongaspenultimatepart 14. Threehyalinespots(2biggerand1small)presentin ..................................................…...sauteri Merz cellr (Figures6,11,12,22)………………..15 2+3 – Veinm3.8ormoretimesaslongaspenultimate – Only1or2hyalinespots(1biggerand1small) part……..…….......................………………..21 presentincellr2+3 (Figure21)…….simplex (Loew) 21. Fourhyalinespotspresentincellr ;thebiggest 15. Thirdsmallhyalinespotnotreachingcostalmargin 4+5 hyalinespotreachingveinR (Figure14) ofwingincellr ;thishyalinespotrounded 4+5 2+3 ………………..….............…….nigricauda (Loew) (Figures11,12)……..........................………..16 – Thirdsmallhyalinespotreachingcostalmarginof