1 Archaeometric Analyses of Euboean and Euboean Related Pottery: New Results and their Interpretations Proceedings of the Round Table Conference held at the Austrian Archaeological Institute in Athens, 15 and 16 April 2011 M. Kerschner – I. S. Lemos (eds.) 001_012 Introduction.indd 1 29.07.2014 09:49:12 2 Introduction ERGÄNZUNGSHEFT ZU DEN JAHRESHEFTEN DES ÖSTERREICHISCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTES IN WIEN herausgegeben im Auftrag des ÖSTERREICHISCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTES von Sabine Ladstätter HEFT 15 WIEN 2014 001_012 Introduction.indd 2 29.07.2014 09:49:12 3 M. Kerschner – I. S. Lemos (eds.) ArchAeometric AnAlyses of euboeAn And euboeAn relAted pottery: new results And their interpretAtions Proceedings of the Round Table Conference held at the Austrian Archaeological Institute in Athens, 15 and 16 April 2011 001_012 Introduction.indd 3 29.07.2014 09:49:13 4 Introduction Das Österreichische Archäologische Institut ist eine Forschungseinrichtung des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografi- sche Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is avail- able in the Internet at <http://dnb.ddb.de> Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISSN 1727-2502 ISBN 978-3-900305-71-0 Copyright © 2014 by Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut Wien LOGO Redaktion: Barbara Beck-Brandt, Angela Schwab Umschlaggestaltung: Büro Pani Satz und Layout: Angela Schwab Gesamtherstellung: Holzhausen Druck GmbH 001_012 Introduction.indd 4 29.07.2014 09:49:13 5 c ontents Introduction I. S. Lemos – M. Kerschner. 7 List of Authors . ............................................................ 10 Abbreviations . ............................................................. 11 Provenancing by Neutron Activation Analyses and Results of Euboean and Euboean Related Pottery H. Mommsen. 13 Pottery from Lefkandi of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age in the Light of the Neutron Activation Analyses I. S. Lemos. 37 Macroscopic Analyses of Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age Pottery from Lefkandi: Preliminary Observations I. K. Whitbread . ......................................................... 59 ›Euboean‹ Pottery from Early Iron Age Eretria in the Light of the Neutron Activation Analysis S. Verdan – A. Kenzelmann Pfyffer – T. Theurillat ............................... 71 Pottery from a Funerary Context (MG II–LG I) in Eretria in the Light of the Neutron Activation Analysis A. Psalti ................................................................ 91 Archaeometric Analysis of Early Iron Age Pottery Samples from Oropos: Local or Euboean Production? A. Mazarakis Ainian – V. Vlachou . .......................................... 95 Euboean Imports to the Eastern Aegean and Eastern Aegean Production of Pottery in the Euboean Style: New Evidence from Neutron Activation Analyses M. Kerschner . .......................................................... 109 Euboean Imports at Al Mina in the Light of Recent Studies on the Pottery Finds from Woolley’s Excavation A. Vacek. 141 Euboean or Levantine? Neutron Activation Analysis of Pendent Semicircle Skyphoi from Al Mina M. Kerschner . .......................................................... 157 Pendent Semicircle Skyphoi from Central Italy in the Light of the Archaeometric Results A. Naso . ............................................................... 169 The Archaeological Background of the Analysed Pendent Semicircle Skyphoi from Pontecagnano B. d’Agostino . .......................................................... 181 001_012 Introduction.indd 5 29.07.2014 09:49:13 6 Contents Production, Export and Imitation of Euboean Pottery: A Summary of the Results of the Workshop on the Provenance of Euboean and Euboean Related Pottery and Perspectives for Future Research M. Kerschner – I. S. Lemos. 191 Overview of the Results of NAA of Euboean and Euboean Related Pottery .............. 195 001_012 Introduction.indd 6 29.07.2014 09:49:13 10 List of AuthorsAbbreviations list of Authors Prof. Dr. Bruno d’Agostino Dir. Dr. Athanasia Psalti Dipartimento di Studi del Mondo Classico e del Medi- Director of the 10th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical terraneo Antico Antiquities Università degli Studi Napoli - L’Orientale Archaeological Museum Delphi Palazzo Corigliano 33054 Delphi – Greece Piazza S. Domenico Maggiore 12 e-mail: [email protected] 80134 Naples – Italy e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Thierry Theurillat École suisse d’archéologie en Grèce Dr. Anne Kenzelmann Pfyffer Institut d’Archéologie et des Sciences de l’Antiquité Institut d’Archéologie et des Sciences de l’Antiquité Université de Lausanne Université de Lausanne Faculté des lettres – Bâtiment Anthropole Faculté des lettres – Bâtiment Anthropole 1015 Lausanne – Switzerland 1015 Lausanne – Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Mag. Dr. Alexander Vacek PD Mag. Dr. Michael Kerschner Faculty of Classics Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut University of Oxford Franz Klein-Gasse 1 Ioannou Centre 1190 Vienna – Austria 66 St Giles’ e-mail: [email protected] Oxford OX1 3LU – Great Britain e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Irene S. Lemos Faculty of Classics Dr. Samuel Verdan University of Oxford Institut d’Archéologie et des Sciences de l’Antiquité Ioannou Centre Université de Lausanne 66 St Giles’ Faculté des lettres – Bâtiment Anthropole Oxford OX1 3LU – Great Britain 1015 Lausanne – Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Alexandros Mazarakis Ainian Dr. Vicky Vlachou Department of History, Archaeology and Social Anthro- Université libre de Bruxelles pology CReA-Partimoine CP 175 University of Thessaly 50, avenue F. D. Roosevelt 38221 Volos – Greece 1050 Bruxelles – Belgium e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Hans Mommsen Dr. Ian K. Whitbread Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik School of Archaeology and Ancient History Universität Bonn University of Leicester Nussallee 1416 University Road 53115 Bonn – Germany Leicester, LE1 7RH – Great Britain e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Alessandro Naso Institut für Archäologien Universität Innsbruck Langer Weg 11 6020 Innsbruck – Austria e-mail: [email protected] 001_012 Introduction.indd 10 29.07.2014 09:49:14 11 Abbrevations The abbreviations used in this volume follow the guidelines of the Austrian Archaeological Institute: < http://www.oeai.at> Further abbreviations used in this volume AAS atomic absorption spectrometry MG Middle Geometric BA Bronze Age MH Middle Helladic DA discriminant analysis MPG Middle Protogeometric D. diameter NAA neutron activation analysis EG Early Geometric PG Protogeometric EH Early Helladic pres. preserved EIA Early Iron Age PSC pendent semicircle GM Géométrique Moyen SPG Subprotogeometric GR Géométrique Récent SubG Subgeometric H. height SubMyc Submycenaean Inv. inventory number Th. thickness of the wall of a vessel LBA Late Bronze Age Ul unlocated provenance group LG Late Geometric W. width LH Late Helladic XRF X-ray fluorescence spectrometry LPG Late Protogeometric 001_012 Introduction.indd 11 29.07.2014 09:49:14 ›Euboean‹ Pottery from Early Iron Age Eretria in the Light of the Neutron Activation Analysis 71 Samuel Verdan – Anne Kenzelmann Pfyffer – Thierry Theurillat ›Euboean‹ Pottery from Early Iron Age Eretria in the Light of the Neutron Activation Analysis Introduction The Geometric pottery discovered in Eretria is of the foremost importance for our knowledge of Euboean production in the 8th century B.C., considering that little is known of EIA Chalcis whereas current excavations at Lefkandi are starting to produce an increasing body of evidence of this period. For the time being, finds from Eretria offer the best framework to build a synthesis on 8th century B.C. Euboean pottery, as we have attempted to do in a recent study1. As well as our interest in chronological concerns, we also investigated the function of the vases2. In tackling these two issues, knowing where exactly the pottery was produced appeared of secondary con- cern, all the more so since the material seemed very homogeneous. Whether the Euboean-style pottery found in Eretria was produced on site or elsewhere, it was assumed that this would have little impact on how the date and function of the vases were comprehended. Being unable to distinguish between different production sites in accordance with the style and fabric of the pot- tery3, we simply considered as ›Euboean‹ the whole material on which our reassessment of the chronology of the EIA pottery from Eretria was based. This shortcoming was the source of our interest in a programme of archaeometric analyses. For the sake of clarity, let us remind ourselves that the term ›Euboean style‹ is not restricted to the pottery produced in Euboean workshops, since such vases were broadly imitated around the Mediterranean. Conversely, pottery made on Euboea is not restricted to the Euboean style, for local workshops have extensively imitated Attic and Corinthian productions4. Sampling selection 45 samples from Eretria were selected for analysis, most of which were assumed to be locally or regionally