Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Sector Project „Transport Policy Advice“ Training Course: Non-motorised Transport Training Course on Non-motorised Transport Training Course Non-motorised Transport Author: Walter Hook Findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this document are based on infor- Editor: mation gathered by GTZ and its consultants, Deutsche Gesellschaft für partners, and contributors from reliable Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH sources. P.O. Box 5180 GTZ does not, however, guarantee the D-65726 Eschborn, Germany accuracy or completeness of information in http://www.gtz.de this document, and cannot be held responsible Division 44 for any errors, omissions or losses which Environment and Infrastructure emerge from its use. Sector Project „Transport Policy Advice“ Commissioned by About the author Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) Walter Hook received his PhD in Urban Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 40 Planning from Columbia University in 1996. D-53113 Bonn, Germany He has served as the Executive Director of the http://www.bmz.de Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) since 1994. He has also served Manager: as adjunct faculty at Columbia University’s Manfred Breithaupt Graduate School of Urban Planning. ITDP is a non-governmental organization dedicated to Comments or feedback? encouraging and implementing We would welcome any of your comments or environmentally sustainable transportation suggestions, on any aspect of the Training policies and projects in developing countries. Course, by e-mail to [email protected], or by surface mail to: Additional contributors Manfred Breithaupt This Module also contains chapters and GTZ, Division 44 material from: P.O. Box 5180 Oscar Diaz D-65726 Eschborn Michael King Germany (Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates) Cover Photo: Dr. Jürgen Heyen-Perschon Carlos F. Pardo (Africa Regional Director ITDP Europe) Bogotá, Colombia Roelof Wittink 2004 (Director Interface for Cycling Expertise, The Netherlands) Layout: Stefan Nagelschmitt Eschborn, August 2005 i Training Course on Non-motorised Transport 5.1. Regulation of non-motorised Preliminary remarks.............................. 1 vehicles and their importation ...... 25 5.2. Regulation of non-motorised vehicle operators ....................................... 26 1. Benefits of a greater role for non- 5.3. Regulation of commercial non- motorised transport ....................... 2 motorised vehicle operation.......... 27 1.1. Advantages of non-motorised 5.4. Review questions.......................... 29 transport .......................................... 2 1.2. Non-motorised transport: neglected 6. Regulating the location of non- by design......................................... 3 motorised vehicle use.................. 30 1.3. Economic benefits of non-motorised transport .......................................... 4 6.1. Justificatons for restrictions on non- 1.4. Investments for the poor ................. 6 motorised vehicle access to some 1.5. Increasing safety and health............ 7 roads.............................................. 30 1.6. Review questions............................ 9 6.2. Basing non-motorised vehicle use restrictions on the road classification system ........................................... 33 2. Social marketing and economic 6.3. Should NMVs be required to use relevance of cycling..................... 10 NMV facilities when they are 2.1. Social marketing and demand provided ........................................ 37 orientation..................................... 10 6.4. Determining what types of vehicles 2.2. Agenda setting of cycling ............. 10 should have access to NMV facilities 2.3. Expanding the role of the urban ...................................................... 38 NMT sector for job creation ......... 11 6.5. Determining right of way between 2.4. Increase affordability of NMVs and motorised and non-motorised use of NMVs for urban population12 vehicles ......................................... 40 6.6. Recommandations......................... 41 3. Non-motorised vehicles............... 13 6.7. Review questions.......................... 41 3.1. Improving non-motorised vehicle 7. Regulating the design of Non- technology..................................... 13 motorised transport facilities...... 42 3.2. ITDP’s improved Rickhaw- Technology Project in India.......... 14 7.1. Design standards and the law ....... 42 7.2. Establishing a non-motorised 4. Involving stakeholders and NMT transport planning and design related NGO's ............................... 17 process .......................................... 45 7.3. Design standards and design 4.1. User Participation ......................... 17 manuals ......................................... 46 4.2. What is a Bicycle User Group?..... 17 7.4. Design standardization versus design 4.3. Forming and maintaining a Bicycle flexibility....................................... 48 User Group.................................... 20 7.5. Linking design standards to speed 4.4. Liaising with city government ...... 21 limits and the road hierarchy ........ 50 4.5. Involving the public...................... 23 7.6. Summary....................................... 52 4.6. Expanding the focus and capacities 7.7. Review questions.......................... 52 of User Groups.............................. 23 8. Planning for non-motorised 5. Regulation of non-motorised transport ....................................... 54 vehicles, their operation and use 25 8.1. Integrating non-motorised transport into transport master plans............ 54 ii Training Course on Non-motorised Transport 8.2. Project team and task force 13. NMT facilities on highways and formation....................................... 56 primary arterials ........................... 88 8.3. Selection of area to be improved .. 57 13.1. Primary arterials............................ 88 8.4. Review questions.......................... 57 13.2. Crossing facilities ......................... 88 13.3. Review questions.......................... 89 9. Data collection for and monitoring of non-motorised transport 14. Mixed use or secondary arterial improvement................................. 58 NMT design................................... 90 9.1. Overview....................................... 58 14.1. Integrating NMT on Mixed Use or 9.2. Review of existing institutional Secondary Arterials ...................... 90 structures and NMT regulations ... 58 14.2. Wide curb lanes and non-physically 9.3. Assemble data on existing non- separated NMV lanes.................... 91 motorised travel ............................ 58 14.3. Physically separated or partially 9.4. Review and compile information on separated NMV lanes.................... 92 major transportation infrastructure 14.4. Review questions.......................... 93 projects underway......................... 60 9.5. Analyze the quality of existing facilities for non-motorised travel 61 15. Advice on how to achieve 9.6. Documenting sidewalk conditions 61 implementation............................. 94 9.7. Analyze the safety conditions for 15.1. Overcoming political, technical and non-motorised travel..................... 64 cultural barriers............................. 94 9.8. Monitoring NMT-Interventions.... 66 15.2. Political commitment.................... 96 15.3. Cost, and time frame for 10. Identifying the NMT network ....... 69 implementation ............................. 97 15.4. Financing NMT infrastructure...... 97 10.1. Indentifying the bicycle network.. 69 15.5. Technical assistence and support.. 98 10.2. Pedestrian route analysis............... 71 15.6. Review questions.......................... 98 10.3. Safety requirements for networks for cars and cyclists ............................ 73 10.4. Review questions.......................... 74 16. Further resources......................... 99 16.1. Publications................................... 99 11. Designing appropriate NMT 16.2. Websites...................................... 104 facilities......................................... 75 11.1. Overview of designing appropriate NMT facilities............................... 75 11.2. Design based on roadway function75 11.3. Design based on safety ................. 77 11.4. Intersection design........................ 78 11.5. Design resources........................... 81 11.6. Review questions.......................... 82 12. Local street design ...................... 83 12.1. Local street design ........................ 83 12.2. Parking control.............................. 83 12.3. Pedestrian zones............................ 84 12.4. Traffic calming and post traffic calming ......................................... 86 12.5. Review questions.......................... 87 iii Training Course on Non-motorised Transport Preliminary remarks Since this training material has to be seen as integral part of GTZ’s publications on sustainable urban transport (see Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-makers in Developing Cities, and further training material on subjects such as Mass Transit and Bus Regulation and Planning) special reference is made on Module 1a of the Sourcebook “The Role of Transport in Urban Development Policy”. Module 1a describes different ways of living in cities, visions for its citizens, the interrelation between urban development, liveability, environment and infrastructure. Non-motorised planning and regulation play a crucial role