Socio-economic baseline and traffic survey January 2019 V. 5 Tulu Moye Geothermal PLC Cape Verde Street, Bole sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia http://www.tmgeothermal.com Prepared by Echnoserve Consulting PLC Helzer Tower Suite 401 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel. 251-116670344/118630482 Fax. 251-116670359 http://www.echnoserve.com 1 ACRONYMS AWD Acute Watery Diarrhea CRGE Climate Resilient Green Economy CSA Central Statistical Agency DAP Di-ammonium Phosphate DHS Demographic and Health Study DFID Department for Foreign International Development EC Ethiopian Calendar ESG Environmental, Social and Governance ETB Ethiopian Birr FGD Focus Group Discussion GoE Government of Ethiopia HIV/AIDs Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IFC International Financial Corporation KII Key Informant Interview MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development OLP Oromiya Livelihood Profile SPSS Software Package for Social Science RVM Rift Valley Maize UNFCC United Nations Framework for Climate Change WB World Bank 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 I. INTRODUCTION 11 I.I. BACKGROUND 11 1.2. GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL IN ETHIOPIA AND TULU MOYE GEOTHERMAL PROJECT 12 1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT 13 1.4. THE SCOPE OF THE BASELINE SURVEY 14 II. METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH 15 II.1. APPROACH 15 II.2. METHODOLOGY 16 II.3. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND SAMPLE SIZE 18 II.4. DATA COLLECTION 20 II.5. DATA ENTRY AND ANALYSIS 21 III. OVERVIEW OF THE TULU MOYO PROJECT AREA 22 III.1. DESCRIPTION 22 III.2. LIVELIHOOD PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA 24 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF THE BASELINE 26 IV.1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS THE TARGET KEBELES 26 IV-1.1. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 27 IV-1.1.1 HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD SEX COMPOSITION AND MARITAL STATUS 27 IV-1.1.2 AGE CATEGORIES OF THE SAMPLED HOUSEHOLDS MEMBERS 29 IV-1.1.3 FAMILY SIZE 31 IV-1.1.4 RELIGION AND LANGUAGE COMMAND 32 IV-1.1.5 MIGRATION PATTERN 34 IV-1.2 SOCIAL SERVICE FACILITIES 38 IV-1.2.1 ACCESS TO EDUCATION AND LEVEL OF ATTENDING 38 IV-1.2.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENT ABILITY TO READ AND WRITE 40 IV-1.2.3. ACCESS TO HEALTH FACILITIES 43 IV-1.2.4. PREVALENCE OF DISEASE AND DEATH OF THE FAMILY 49 IV-1.2.5 ACCESS TO WATER FACILITIES 53 IV-1.2.6 HOUSING CONDITIONS AND TOILETS 62 IV-1.2.7. AVAILABILITY OF OTHER KEY SERVICES 64 IV-1.2.8. ACCESS TO ENERGY 67 IV-1.3 LIVELIHOOD ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 71 IV.1.3.1. CROP TYPE GROWN BY THE HOUSEHOLDS 71 IV.1.3.2 CROP YIELD BY THE HOUSEHOLDS 72 3 IV.1.3.3 SIZE OF LAND HOLDING 75 IV-1.3.4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CHALLENGES 76 IV.1.3.5 LIVESTOCK ASSETS 80 IV-1.3.6 HOUSEHOLDS FARMING ASSETS 81 IV-1.4. HOUSEHOLDS SOURCES OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE 82 IV-1.4.1 SOURCES OF INCOME 82 IV.1.4.2 HOUSEHOLDS EXPENDITURE 85 IV.1.4.3 HOUSEHOLD WEALTH STATUS 85 IV. 1.4.4 COMMODITY MARKET PRICE 86 IV-1.5. GENDER ANALYSIS 89 IV-1.5.1 HOUSEHOLDS WORKLOAD 89 IV-1.5.2 MARRIAGE AND WOMEN PREFERENCE TO DIVORCE 90 IV. 1.5.3 LAND HOLDING SOURCE AND CERTIFICATION 91 IV.1.5.4 LAND TITLE 92 IV.1.6. FOOD SECURITY 93 IV-1.6.1 MAJOR AND MINOR FOOD SOURCES 93 IV-1.6.2 HOUSEHOLDS FOOD INTAKE 93 IV-1.6.3 PERIOD OF FOOD SHORTAGES AND COPPING STRATEGIES 95 IV.2 ROAD TRAFFIC ASSESSMENT 98 IV.2.1 TRAFFIC LEVELS 98 IV.2.2 TRAFFIC FLOW COUNTING 99 IV.2.3 RESULTS OF TRAFFIC SURVEY 99 IV.2.4. TRANSPORTATION FEE IN THE STUDY AREA 103 IV.3.1. CRIME 105 V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 106 V.1 CONCLUSION 106 IV. REFERENCES 106 ANNEX I. HOUSE HOLD SURVEY INSTRUMENT (A1) 108 ANNEX II: FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS (A2) 120 ANNEX III: KEY INFORMANTS INTERVIEW 121 ANNEX IV: TOOL FOR SOCIAL SERVICES ASSESSMENT: HEALTH POST (B1) 123 ANNEX V: WATER POINT SURVEY CHECKLIST (B5) 125 ANNEX VI. TRAFFIC DATA COLLECTION FORMAT (C1) 126 ANNEX VII. HEALTH POST MONTHLY SERVICE DELIVERY REPORT -APRIL-JUNE 2010 E.C 127 ANNEX VIII: DHERA HEALTH CENTER - HEALTH CENTER MONTHLY SERVICE DELIVERY REPORT -APRIL-JUNE 2010E.C 141 ANNEX. IX: COMMODITY MARKET PRICES FOR ETEYA, HABOURA AND DEHERA MARKET 163 ANNEX X: COMMODITY MARKET PRICE IN ETEYA TOWN 168 4 List of Tables Table 1: Project sample woredas and kebeles. ..................................................................................... 14 Table 2: List of tools used and definition .............................................................................................. 17 Table 3: Kebeles with unique ID ............................................................................................................ 18 Table 4: Distribution of sampled kebele and sampled HH .................................................................... 19 Table 5: Households heads sex composition and marital status .......................................................... 28 Table 6: Households members with age categories ............................................................................. 29 Table 7: Migration status by the households ........................................................................................ 36 Table 8: Household with member who have migrated out of the country .......................................... 36 Table 9: Available Schools in survey kebeles ........................................................................................ 42 Table 10: Three months Healthcare delivery report for April -June, 2010 E.C ..................................... 47 Table 11: Three months Healthcare delivery report for April-June, 2010 E.C ...................................... 48 Table 12: Distance to access water for human use............................................................................... 56 Table 13: Distance to access water for livestock .................................................................................. 57 Table 14: Banking by households .......................................................................................................... 65 Table 15: Loan profile for the last 12 months ....................................................................................... 65 Table 16: Households source of energy for lighting ............................................................................. 68 Table 17: Energy consumption expenditure ......................................................................................... 69 Table 18: Households Iddir Membership. ............................................................................................. 69 Table 19: Crop type grown by the households ..................................................................................... 72 Table 20: Agricultural Productivity in quintal/ha of recent years (2009/10 or 2010/11) E.C ............... 75 Table 21: Distribution of soil conservation practices by the households ............................................. 78 Table 22: Type of livestock owned by the households ......................................................................... 80 Table 23: Major challenges of livestock production ............................................................................. 81 Table 24: Respondents possession farm tools and machinery ............................................................. 81 Table 25: Commodity Market price list for Dehera town market area ................................................ 87 Table 26: Household work load by gender ........................................................................................... 89 Table 27: Households land ownership sources and certificate distribution ......................................... 91 Table 28: Major and minor food sources of the households ................................................................ 93 Table 29: Months of food shortage ...................................................................................................... 96 Table 30: Copping strategies during shortage of food .......................................................................... 96 Table 31: Public Transportation tariff set by the local government for ............................................. 104 Table 32: Transportation fee based on interview ............................................................................... 104 Table 33: Crime reported to police, Arsi Zone .................................................................................... 105 5 List of Figures Figure 1: Baseline study steps ............................................................................................................. 15 Figure 2: Methodologies used in the study......................................................................................... 16 Figure 3: Project location area and Survey kebeles ............................................................................ 24 Figure 4: Sex composition of respondents .......................................................................................... 27 Figure 5: Characteristics of head of household distribution per kebele ............................................. 31 Figure 6: Family size with three groups .............................................................................................. 32 Figure 7: Religion by kebele ................................................................................................................ 33 Figure 8: Respondents Language command ....................................................................................... 34 Figure 9: Households living in the area ............................................................................................... 35 Figure 10: Family members level of education