2010 Washington State Ambient Air Monitoring Network Assessment Washington State Department of Ecology Air Quality Program July 1, 2010 Publication no. 10‐02‐016 Publication and Contact Information This report is available on the Department of Ecology’s website at www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/1002016.pdf . For more information contact: Air Quality Program PO Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504‐7600 Phone: (360) 407‐6800 Washington State Department of Ecology ‐ www.ecy.wa.gov Headquarters, Olympia (360) 407‐6000 Northwest Regional Office, Bellevue (425) 649‐7000 Southwest Regional Office, Olympia (360) 407‐6300 Central Regional Office, Yakima (509) 575‐2490 Eastern Regional Office, Spokane (509) 329‐3400 To ask about the availability of this document in a format for the visually impaired, call the Air Quality Program at (360) 407‐6800. Persons with hearing loss can call 711 for Washington Relay Service. Persons with a speech disability can call 1‐877‐833‐6341. 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Ecology Policy Goal and Objectives ............................................................................................................ 10 Climate, Topography, and Sources ............................................................................................................. 13 Air Quality Monitoring in Washington State (Past and Present) ................................................................ 17 Carbon monoxide .................................................................................................................................... 17 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ........................................................................................................................... 18 Ozone ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 Sulfur Dioxide .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Particulate Matter (PM) .......................................................................................................................... 22 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ........................................................................................................... 23 Lead ......................................................................................................................................................... 24 Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) ....................................................................................................... 25 Air Toxics Monitoring .............................................................................................................................. 26 Aethalometer Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 26 Meteorological ........................................................................................................................................ 26 Temporary Monitors ............................................................................................................................... 27 Mobile Monitors ................................................................................................................................. 27 Portable Monitors ............................................................................................................................... 28 Air Monitoring – The Next Five Years ......................................................................................................... 29 Proposed and Final Rules Affecting Ambient Monitoring ...................................................................... 29 Ongoing NAAQS Reviews ........................................................................................................................ 31 Analyses ...................................................................................................................................................... 33 Scope of Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ............................................................................................................... 34 Federal Reference Method (FRM) Fine Particulate Matter ................................................................ 34 Continuous Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ....................................................................................... 35 Updating PM2.5 Correlations ........................................................................................................... 36 Supporting a Single Continuous Onsite Monitor ............................................................................ 36 PM2.5 Non‐FEM TEOM Bias Discussion ............................................................................................ 36 Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) Fine Particulate Matter Monitoring ........................................ 37 The Agricultural Burning Network .................................................................................................. 38 PM2.5 Decision Matrix ......................................................................................................................... 39 Scoring ............................................................................................................................................. 40 Statewide Fine Particulate Matter Design Values .............................................................................. 41 PM2.5 Removal Bias Analysis ............................................................................................................... 44 Ozone ...................................................................................................................................................... 45 Ozone Decision Matrix ........................................................................................................................ 45 Scoring ............................................................................................................................................. 46 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 46 Statewide Ozone Design Values (Ozone Season) ............................................................................... 47 Impact of lowered ozone NAAQS ....................................................................................................... 49 Ozone Removal Bias Analysis .............................................................................................................. 49 PM10 ........................................................................................................... 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Discussion ........................................................................................................................................... 51 Colville ............................................................................................................................................. 52 Burbank/Kennewick ........................................................................................................................ 53 Yakima ............................................................................................................................................. 54 Carbon Monoxide ................................................................................................................................... 55 ‐ Aerosol Nitrate (NO3 ) ............................................................................................................................. 57 Meteorological sites ................................................................................................................................ 58 Findings and Recommendations ................................................................................................................. 59 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Terms ......................................................................................................... 61 References .................................................................................................................................................. 62 Appendices .................................................................................................................................................. 64 Appendix A – Continuous Fine Particulate Matter Decision Matrix ....................................................... 65 PM2.5 Decision Matrix Detail ............................................................................................................... 67 Appendix B – Ozone Decision Matrix ...................................................................................................... 80 Ozone Decision