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ZEEB ROAD, ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 IB BEDFORD ROW, LONDON WC1R 4EJ, ENGLAND 7915982 HAMILTON, CHARLES MARK THE SALT LAKE TEMPLE: AN ARCHITECTURAL MONOGRAPH. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, PH.D., 1979 Universiw Microfilms irternationai 300 n zeeh noA o, a nn a r b o r . mi abiob 0 Copyright hy Charles Mark Hamilton 1978 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark . 1. Glossy photographs 2. Colored illu stratio n s 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy ____ 5. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page 6. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages _________ throughout 7. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine 8. Computer printout pages with indistinct print 9. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available from school or author ________ 10. Page(s) ________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows ________ 11. Poor carbon copy ________ 12. Not original copy, several pages with blurred type 13. Appendix pages are poor copy ________ 14. Original copy with light type ________ 15. Curling and wrinkled pages ________ 16. Other Uni International 300 N. ZEEB RO.. ANN ARBOR. Ml 48106 '313) 761-4700 THE SALT LAKE TEMPLE: AN ARCHITECTURAL MONOGRAPH DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By C harles Mark Hamilton, B.A., M.A. **■ * * * The Ohio State University 1978 Reading Committee: Approved By Mathew Herhan I I I Franklin M. Ludden Francis Richardson id v iser Department of the History of Art PREFACE When the Mormons were driven from Nauvoo, Illinois in 1846, they were forced to abandon their tsnple, which had become the focus of their existence. So important was the tanple to the unity of the Church, that Brigham Young desired that another be built soon after their arrival in Utah. Circumstances delayed its beginning until 1853» when the cornerstone was laid. The next forty years were spent in its completion at which time the Salt Lake Temple became the cen ter of Moimonism. I have always had a particular interest in the Salt Lake Temple; but it was not until 1970, on a suggestion by Professor Felix Heap at the University of Utah, that I began to research the building. To my surprise, no one had written an architectural monograph on such an important monument. This stimulated my interest to pursue such a study. In 1972, the Temple became the subject of my dissertation on the advice of Professor Leland Roth then at The Ohio State University. Since 1974 , P ro fesso r Mathew Herban I I I has acted as the chairman of of my dissertation committee. It is to him that I acknowledge appre­ ciation for his support and unselfish interest in my behalf. His counsel and suggestions have given direction and substance to the study. Recognition must be extended to Professors Franklin M. Ludden, Francis Richardson at The Ohio State University and Jon Greene at i i Brigham Young U n iv ersity fo r th e ir sch olarship in e d itin g the manu­ script to improve its content, I wish to thank those at the L.D.S. Historical Department and the Utah Historical Society for their assistance with documents, hooks, photographs and building plans. Special appreciation goes to Miss Sadie Ogden for the invaluable information on the William Ward, J r . fam ily. Charles Mark Hamilton Provo, Utah, 1978 i i i VITA March l4 , 194-2 .... Bom - Salt Lake City, Utah 1967 .................................. B.A., Brigham Young U n iv ersity , Provo, Utah 1972-1974 . Teaching Associate, Department of the History of Art, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1974 ......... Assistant Professor of Art History, Department of Art ard Design, Brigham Young U n iv ersity , Provo, Utah FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Architectural History American Architecture. Professors Leland Roth and Mathew Herban I I I Medieval Architecture. Professor Franklin M. Ludden Ancient Architecture. Professor William Jensen iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE................................................................................................................... i i VITA............................................................................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................. v i i Chapter I . INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 Review of Literature. .... ............................................... 3 I I . DOCTRINE, DESIGN AND THE PRE-UTAH TEMPLES................................ 1? Mormon Concept of Architectural Design .............................. 20 The Kirtland Temple ..................................................................... 21 The Nauvoo Temple ........ .................. ..... 23 I I I . THE TEMPLE SITE....................................................................................... 30 The H istorical Development of Temple Square ..... 33 IV. THE SOURCES AND EVOLUTION OF THE DESIGN.................................... 48 Preparation for Construction ............................. 57 The Plans Through I856 . .... ........................................... 60 V. THE SYMBOLISM OF THE EXTERIOR......................................................... 82 VI. THE INTERIOR; A DESIGN FOR THE LITURGY................................... 110 The B aptistry............................. I l l The Endowment R itu al and A ssociated Rooms ...................... 113 Sealing Ordinances and Rooms .................................................... 120 The Holy of Holies ......................................................................... 122 V II. THE INTERIOR; A DESIGN FOR ADMINISTRATION AND ASSEMBLY. 126 The Council Story .................................................................... 126 The Main Assembly H all................................................................ 128 The Tower Staircases and Elevators ......................... I 30 V V III. THE TEMPLE ARCHITECTS........................................................................ 133 IX. THE INFLUENCE OF THE SALT LAKE TEMPLE............................. 152 X. CONCLUSION.............................................................................................. 156 ILLUSTRATIONS....................................................................................................... 159 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................... 20? v l LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. The east facade of the Kirtland Temple .................................. l60 2. Longitudinal and transverse section of Kirtland Temple . l6l 3 . South elevation of the Kirtland Temple .................................. I 6 I 4. The Nauvoo Temple with original classical pediment hy %n. Weeks............................................................... 162 5 . The Nauvoo Temple w ith a t t i c sto ry Mm. Weeks. .... 162 6. Transverse section of the Nauvoo Temple hy Wm. Weeks . I 63 7 . Plat of the City of Zion ................................................................ I 63 8. Plat of Salt Lake C ity ........................ l64 9 . Temple Square in 1893 ...................................................... l64 10. The Old Tabernacle with the New Bowery to the north. I65 11. Exterior view of the New Tabernacle from the north . I 65 12. Interior view