DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE POWER AND PROPULSION - DIPOP . Ref. Ref. Dip-SEP-RP-001 D23.2 Nuclear Electric Propulsion Electric PPU 01 Date : 12/6/2012 1/20 NUCLEAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION/ POWER PROCESSING UNIT REPORT Prepared by R. Blott and D Valentian Agreed by R. Blott Approved by F. Jansen Authorized C. Koppel by EC Approval Date: Traceability File name: Dip-SEP-RP-001 D23.2 Nuclear Electric Propulsion Electric PPU 01.doc This document and the information contained are "DiPoP Team" property, and shall not be disclosed to any third party without the proprietary prior written authorization DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE POWER AND PROPULSION - DIPOP . Ref. Ref. Dip-SEP-RP-001 D23.2 Nuclear Electric Propulsion Electric PPU 01 Date : 12/6/2012 2/20 Distribution List DISTRIBUTION Type Research Executive Agency Electronic SESAM Ms. Gabriella Soos KopooS Consulting Ind. ftp.dipop.eu/DiPoP1/ProjectDocumentsReleased Mr. C. R. Koppel Space Enterprise Partnerships ftp.dipop.eu/DiPoP1/ProjectDocumentsReleased Mr. R. Blott D.L.R. ftp.dipop.eu/DiPoP1/ProjectDocumentsReleased Mr. F. Jansen University Stuttgart ftp.dipop.eu/DiPoP1/ProjectDocumentsReleased Mr. G. Herdrich C.A.U. ftp.dipop.eu/DiPoP1/ProjectDocumentsReleased Mr. H. Kersten ISIS- RD ftp.dipop.eu/DiPoP1/ProjectDocumentsReleased Mr. C. Ferrari Document Change Record Issue Date Page and / or Paragraph affected 01 12/4/2012 – 12/4/2012 New document: Draft 02 16/4/2012 – 12/6/2012 Issue 01 This document and the information contained are "DiPoP Team" property, and shall not be disclosed to any third party without the proprietary prior written authorization DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE POWER AND PROPULSION - DIPOP . Ref. Ref. Dip-SEP-RP-001 D23.2 Nuclear Electric Propulsion Electric PPU 01 Date : 12/6/2012 3/20 AUTHORS ORGANIZATIONS ADDRESSES R. J. Blott Space Enterprise Bennetts, Eastergate Lane, Eastergate, West Sussex Partnerships Ltd (SEP) PO20 3SJ, UK. [email protected] +445601325706, +447894831239 D. Valentian Kopoos Consulting Ind. 57 rue d'Amsterdam, 75008 Paris, France Phone: +33 950686620 - Fax: +33 955686620 TITLE CI CHECKED: Nuclear Electric Propulsion/ Power Processing Unit Report YES NO CODE TYPE OF TIME ISSUE DATE DOCUMENT COVERED Dip-SEP-RP-001 D23.2 Nuclear Electric Propulsion Electric PPU Deliverable 31.05.2012 01.doc PROGRAMME TITLE FUNDING ORGANIZATION YES NO Seventh Framework Programme European Commission PROGRAMME TITLE FUNDING ELEMENT ORGANIZATION DiPoP YES NO Disruptive Technologies For Space Power European Commission And Propulsion MONITORING CONTRACT No. ADDRESS PERSON European Commission DG Enterprises and Industry Ms. Gabriella Soos 284081 Space Research and Development Brussels – Belgium ABSTRACT This document constitutes the deliverable D23.2 and is in two parts. The first investigates processes for evaluating the relative merits of high power electric propulsion systems couples to fission nuclear power sources. The second considers the relative merits and design challenges of fission nuclear power thermal to electrical conversion and subsequent distribution and application. It takes account of electric propulsion system input requirements, efficient power conversion and transmission and system robustness. A very high level set of criteria for electric propulsion system comparison and an associated evaluation matrix based on the earlier considerations are then included. KEY DiPoP, Nuclear, Electric Propulsion, Power Processing, Evaluation Matrix. WORDS AVAILABILITY ( X ) Approved for public release; distribution is UNLIMITED ( ) Approved for LIMITED distribution; no part of this document can be disclosed to third parties without written permission ( ) CLASSIFIED document for internal use only; no part of this document can be disclosed outside the company This document and the information contained are "DiPoP Team" property, and shall not be disclosed to any third party without the proprietary prior written authorization DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE POWER AND PROPULSION - DIPOP . Ref. Ref. Dip-SEP-RP-001 D23.2 Nuclear Electric Propulsion Electric PPU 01 Date : 12/6/2012 4/20 Table of content Distribution List.....................................................................................................................2 Document Change Record.....................................................................................................2 Reference documentation: .....................................................................................................5 1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................6 2. Mission and Nuclear Electric Propulsion System Options.............................................6 2.1. Mission Design Constraints ................................................................................6 2.2. Missions to Jupiter and Saturn ............................................................................7 2.3. Missions to Mars, NEOs and the Sun/Earth Second Lagrange Point (SEL2).....7 2.4. Costs....................................................................................................................7 2.5. Electric Propulsion Technology Options ............................................................8 2.5.1. General Principles.........................................................................................8 2.5.2. Comparison Matrix .......................................................................................8 3. Thermal to Electrical Energy Conversion. .....................................................................9 3.1. Thermo-Electric. .................................................................................................9 3.2. Thermionic. .........................................................................................................9 3.3. Stirling Cycle.......................................................................................................9 3.4. Brayton Cycle......................................................................................................9 3.5. Rankine Cycle. ..................................................................................................10 3.6. Applications. .....................................................................................................11 4. Electric Propulsion Input Requirements.......................................................................12 4.1. Background. ......................................................................................................12 4.2. Gridded Ion Engines (GIE) ...............................................................................12 4.3. High Energy Magneto Plasma (HEMP)............................................................12 4.4. Hall Effect Thruster (HET) ...............................................................................12 4.5. Magneto Plasma Dynamic (MPD) ....................................................................13 4.6. Other Considerations.........................................................................................13 5. Power Management and Distribution (PMAD)............................................................14 5.1. Range of Services..............................................................................................14 5.2. Regulation .........................................................................................................14 5.3. Harness and Power Transmission .....................................................................15 5.4. Environmental Constraints................................................................................15 5.5. Commissioning and Cold Starts........................................................................16 5.6. Controlled and Emergency Shut Down.............................................................16 6. Conclusion and Evaluation Matrix ...............................................................................17 FIGURES Figure 1 Brayton Cycle specific mass scaling. ................................................................................................................................10 TABLES Table 1 Comparison Criteria. ..........................................................................................................................................................19 Table 2 Basic Evaluation Matrix. .....................................................................................................................................................20 This document and the information contained are "DiPoP Team" property, and shall not be disclosed to any third party without the proprietary prior written authorization DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE POWER AND PROPULSION - DIPOP . Ref. Ref. Dip-SEP-RP-001 D23.2 Nuclear Electric Propulsion Electric PPU 01 Date : 12/6/2012 5/20 Reference documentation: [R 1] FP7-SPACE-2011-284081 Grant agreement core; annex I DOW; annex II;…. signed 18/10/2011 [R 2] www.DiPoP.eu [R 3] http://www.its.caltech.edu/~jsnyder/thermoelectrics/engineering.html [R 4] NASA / CR--1999-209164/VOL1 Stirling Space Engine Program Volume lm Final Report 1999 [R 5] HiPER Nuclear Power Generation Model And Simulation Details October 2010. [R 6] HiPER Nuclear Power generator Roadmap 6th May 2011. [R 7] HiPER Consolidated mission analysis document 8th December 2011 This document and the information contained are "DiPoP Team" property, and shall not