Glossary Bb ‘Adala – High moral probity Adal Badal – Exchange marriage in NWFP (a brother and sister getting married to another brother and sister) Addo Baddo – Exchange marriage in Sindh Adhan – Call to prayer As-Siyar – Islamic International Law Athna Asharia, Zaidya, and Ismailya – Schools of Shia juristic thought Azl – Coitus interruptus Bulugh – Puberty Batil – Void Bay’a – Oath of Allegiance Bidda (Biddat) – Innovation Chadar aur Chardiwari – Women veiled and within the four walls of the house Chadder – Veil/Shawl Din – Way of life. It is said that Islam is not only a religion it is a din, i.e., a complete way of life. Diyat – Blood money Ejab-o-qabool – Proposal and acceptance Faraid – Duties (singular fard) Fasid – Irregular Fatwa – Authoritative pronouncement on a question of law by a person qualified to make such pronouncement Fiasle jo sangh – Women as peace offering in feuds in Sindh Fiqh – Jurisprudence 319 Shaheen Sardar Ali - 9789004486256 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 01:57:10PM via free access 320 Gender and Human Rights in Islam and International Law Hadd (plural Hudood) – Limit/s prescribed. The term is used in Islamic Jurisprudence to denote that punishment which has been prescribed in the Quran for a particular offence and is therefore deemed the maximum punishment awardable Hadith (plural Ahadith) – The traditions of the Prophet Muhammad, compiled as records of his words and deeds Halala – Intervening marriage Hanafi, Shafei, Maliki, and Hanbali – Schools of Sunni juristic thought Haq Bakhswana – A symbolic ‘marriage’ to the Quran where the woman foregoes her right to marry Haqq (Huq, Plural Huqooq) – A right Haram – Forbidden, unlawful Hizanat – Custody (or care of minors) Hujra – A place where (male) guests are entertained, a meeting place for men in a village Huqooq Allah – Rights of God Huqooq Adam – Rights of man Huquq-ul-ibad – Rights of humanity Ibadaat – Devotional acts Iblis – Satan Iddat – Period after death/divorce during which a woman cannot contract another marriage Ijma – Consensus of opinion Ijtihad – Exercising independent juristic reasoning Ila – A form of divorce in which the wife is allowed to approach the qazi/courts for dissolution of marriage when her husband abstains from sexual intercourse with her for a period of at least 4 months, pursuant to a vow Imama – Religious leadership Iqama – Second call to prayer Izzat – Honour Jab’r – Guardianship in Marriage Jahilliya – Days of ignorance, referring to the days before Islam Shaheen Sardar Ali - 9789004486256 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 01:57:10PM via free access Glossary 321 Jirgas – Informal alternate dispute resolution forum of the Pukhtun and Baluch people in Pakistan and Afghanistan Kabair – Major sins Khaza da da kor da ya da gor – A Pushto saying that a woman’s place is either at home or in the grave Khiyar-ul-Bulugh – Option of Puberty Khula – Dissolution of the marriage on the initiative of the wife by offering compensation to the husband Kifalah – Looking after, taking care of (a child); a concept akin to adoption or fostering Kitabi – A man belonging to one of the revealed religions i.e., Judaism and Christianity Kitabia – A woman belonging to one of the revealed religions i.e., Judaism and Christianity Lakhkar – The tribal army Lian – False accusation Madhab – School of jurisprudence Mahr (mehr) – Dower; a sum of money or other property which a wife is entitled to receive from the husband in consideration of the marriage Mahr Mithl – Proper Divorce Mahram – A man, either the husband or any other male relative including father, brother, son, etc. with whom a woman may not lawfully contract marriage Majlis-e-Shoora – Parliament Makruh – An action which is disliked and disapproved by Sharia’ but it is not under penalty Maliki – Chiefship or head of a tribe Marz-ul maut – Terminal illness Miraas – Property/Belongings Miraat – A person who does not have a male issue Muamalaat – Dealings with others Mubarat – Dissolution of marriage by mutual consent of the husband and wife Muhr, Sudak, nuhlah, akr – Different names for dower/mehr Shaheen Sardar Ali - 9789004486256 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 01:57:10PM via free access 322 Gender and Human Rights in Islam and International Law Mujtahid – A person qualified to carry out ijtihad Mundub or Mustahab – An action which is rewarded but the omission is not punished Muta marriage – Temporary marriage Nashiz – Disobedient Naskh – Abrogation or repeal of the legal efficacy of certain verses of the Quran in favour of other verses Nikahnama – Marriage contract or certificate Panchayat – A gathering of village elders, usually five in number, for the purpose of arriving at decisions (Panch means five) Pet likhi ni – A pregnant woman agreeing to give the child in her womb in marriage to the party concerned Purdah – Segregation. Meaning also the outer garment or covering that women wear when leaving the house Qandhori sache sardarji mani – The Prophet Mohammad’s dinner Qasabgar – Messenger Qawwamun – Protector, provider, maintainer, guide, manager Qazfh (Qadfh) – False testimony Qazi – Judge or arbitrator Qisas – Retribution Qiyas – Analogical deduction Qur’an – The primary source of Islamic law believed by Muslims to be the word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad Rahdari – A permit for removing restricted/prohibited goods from the jurisdiction of the state. Riba – Interest Riwaj – Customary law/Custom Sahabi (plural Sahaba/Ashaab) – Companion of the Prophet Muhammad Sahih – Valid Sar paisey – Bride Price Sha’a’ir – Religious rites Shari‘a – Principles of Islamic Law Shaheen Sardar Ali - 9789004486256 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 01:57:10PM via free access Glossary 323 Shia – A sect of Islam Sunna (Sunnah) – The words and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad Sunni – A sect of Islam to which the pre-dominant majority of Muslims belong Sura – A chapter of the Quran Swara – Women as peace offering in feuds Tafsir – Exegesis Takbirat-al-tashriq – Certain rites during the Pilgrimage Talaq – Dissolution of marriage at the instance of the husband Talaq-i-tafwid – Delegated right of divorce given to the wife in the contract of marriage. Tarboor – Nearest male agnate/s Tawallin – Assuming of responsibility Tazir – Discretionary punishment. Any punishment other than, but not necessarily less than hadd Tazkia-al-Shuhood – The mode of enquiry adopted by a court to satisfy the credibility of a witness Ulama – Persons learned in religious knowledge Umma (Ummah) – Community of Muslims Ummahat-al Mu’minin – Mothers of the believers Wajib – Compulsory Wakil/Vakil – Representative/Lawyer Walee Bayeed – A guardian of a more distant degree than a woman’s father, grandfather, uncle, brother Wali – Guardian Walwar – The sum paid to the male relatives of the bride in Baluchistan province Waqf – A religious endowment of property/land, usually for charitable purposes Watta Satta – Exchange marriage in Punjab Wilaya – Guardianship Zairey – Money or gift given to a person bringing good news Shaheen Sardar Ali - 9789004486256 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 01:57:10PM via free access 324 Gender and Human Rights in Islam and International Law Zakat (Zakah) – The poor-rates payable on wealth during one hijra year. Zantalaq – A man who has divorced his wife – An abuse in Pukhto Zenana – Women’s part of the household Zihar – Form of automatic divorce prevalent in pre-Islamic Arabia where the husband compares his wife to his mother or another female with whom he may not lawfully contract a marriage Zina – The offence of fornication or adultery Zina-bil-jabr – Rape Shaheen Sardar Ali - 9789004486256 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 01:57:10PM via free access.