INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Kuppusamy K S Asst Professor Department of Computer Science School of Engineering and Technology Pondicherry University - 1 - Information Technology Contents UNIT I Lesson 1: Introduction to Information Technology 1.1 Information Technology – The definition 1.2 Data Vs Information 1.3 Information Technology - Scope 1.3.1 Computer Science 1.3.2 Communications 1.4 Introduction to the World of Computers 1.4.1 The Hardware and Software 1.4.2 Operations of a Computer 1.4.2.1 Input 1.4.2.2 Processing 1.4.2.3 Output 1.4.2.4 Storage 1.4.3 Common terms in Computers 1.4.4 Making your computer faster 1.4.5 Computer Trends 1.4.5.1 Smaller 1.4.5.2 Faster 1.4.5.3 Cheaper - 2 - 1.5 The communications 1.5.1 Simplex Communication 1.5.2 Half-Duplex Communication 1.5.3 Full-duplex Communication 1.6 Computers and Communications 1.6.1 Mobility 1.6.2 Customization 1.6.3 Integrated Services 1.7 Information Technology Usage 1.7.1 Banking Domain 1.7.2 E-learning 1.7.3 On-line reservation Systems 1.7.4 E-governance 1.7.5 E-Commerce 1.7.6 Videoconferencing 1.7.7 Usage of Information technology in Entertainment 1.7.8 Global Positioning Systems Lesson 2: Information Systems 2.1 Information Classification 2.2 Types of Information systems 2.2.1 Transaction Processing Systems 2.2.2 Management Information Systems 2.2.3 Decision Support Systems 2.2.4 Executive Information Systems 2.2.5 Office Automation System 2.3 Information Systems Development Cycle 2.3.1 Planning 2.3.2 Analysis - 3 - 2.3.3 Designing 2.3.3.1 Preliminary Design 2.3.3.2 Detailed Design 2.3.4 Development 2.3.5 Implementation 2.3.6 Maintenance UNIT II Lesson 3: The Hardware 3.1 Different architectures of Computers 3.1.1 Getting familiar with terminology 3.1.2 Personal Computer 3.1.3 Workstations 3.1.4 Minicomputers 3.1.5 Mainframes 3.1.6 Supercomputers 3.2 Real Time Systems 3.3 Transaction Processing Systems 3.4 Laptop 3.5 Palmtop 3.6 Client Server and multi-tier Architecture 3.7 Input Devices 3.7.1 Character Input Devices 3.7.2 Pointing Devices 3.7.3 Multimedia Input Devices 3.8 Secondary Storage 3.8.1 Floppy Disks 3.8.2 Hard disks 3.8.3 Compact Disks - 4 - 3.8.4 Magnetic Tapes 3.8.5 Flash Memory 3.9. Output Devices 3.9.1 Softcopy Output devices 3.9.1.1 CRT displays 3.9.1.2 Flat-panel Displays 3.9.2 Characteristics of Display Devices 3.9.3 Hardcopy output 3.9.3.1 Impact printers 3.9.3.2 Non-Impact Printers 3.9.3.2.1 Ink-Jet Printer 3.9.3.2.2 Laser Printers 3.9.3.2.3 Thermal Printers 3.9.3.3 Plotters Lesson 4 : Introduction To Computer Networks 4.1 Benefits of Computer Networks 4.1.1 Sharing critical peripheral devices 4.1.2 Easier communication 4.1.3 Software sharing 4.1.4 Searchability of data 4.1.5 Protection of Data 4.1.6 Remote and Grid Computing features 4.2 Types of Networks 4.2.1 Local Area Network (LAN) 4.2.2 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) 4.2.3 Wide Area Network 4.3 Network Components 4.4 Network Topology - 5 - 4.5 Network Protocols UNIT III Lesson 5 : The Software 5.1 Characteristics of Software 5.2 Classification 5.2.1 Application Software 5.2.1.1 Classification of Application Software 5.2.1.1.1 Horizontal Market Applications 5.2.1.1.2 Vertical Market Applications 5.2.1.1.3 Custom Applications 5.2.1.1.4 Shareware and freeware 5.2.2 System Software 5.2.3 Utilities 5.3 Operating System 5.3.1 Basic Functions of operating system 5.3.1.1 Process Management 5.3.1.2 Memory Management 5.3.1.3 Input / Output Management 5.3.1.4 Disk and File System Management 5.3.1.5 Security 5.3.2 Classifications of Operating Systems 5.3.2.1 Task Count 5.3.2.1.1 Single Tasked Operating system 5.3.2.1.2 Multi Tasked Operating System 5.3.2.2 User Count 5.3.2.2.1 Single User operating systems 5.3.2.2.2 Multi User operating systems 5.3.2.3 Portability - 6 - 5.3.2.4 Machine Type 5.3.2.4.1 Desktop Operating Systems 5.3.2.4.2 Server Operating Systems 5.3.2.4.3 Mainframe Operating Systems 5.3.2.4.4 Embedded Operating Systems Lesson 6: Programming Languages and Packages 6.1 Programming Language – The Definition 6.2 Generations of Programming Languages 6.2.1 First Generation Language (1 GL) 6.2.2 Second Generation Language (2 GL) 6.2.3 Third Generation Language 6.2.4 Fourth Generation Languages 6.2.5 Fifth Generation Languages 6.3 Packages 6.3.1 Spreadsheets 6.3.1.1 Structure of Spreadsheet 6.3.1.2 Applications of spreadsheet 6.3.2 Desktop Publishing Tools (DTP) 6.3.3 Presentation Tools 6.4 Application Areas of Software 6.4.1 Scientific Applications of Software 6.4.1.1 Software Applications in Medicine 6.4.1.2 Software Applications in Engineering and Research 6.4.2 Commercial Applications 6.4.3 Real Time Applications UNIT IV Lesson 7 : Introduction to Internet - 7 - 7.1 The Birth of Internet 7.2 Internet Communication Methodology 7.3 Internet Service Providers 7.4 Internet = World Wide Web? 7.5 IP Address 7.6 Internet Naming and Addressing 7.6.1 Domain Name Systems 7.6.2 Components of a URL 7.6.3 Domain Types 7.6.4 Secure URLs 7.7 Browsers 7.7.1 Popularly used Browsers 7.7.2 Rendering Engines 7.7.3 Internet Explorer 7.7.4 Mozilla Firefox 7.7.5 Safari 7.7.6 Opera 7.7.7 Netscape Navigator 7.7.8 Google Chrome 7.7.9 So, which is the best browser? 7.8 Electronic Mail 7.8.1 E-mail requirements 7.8.2 E-mail Services 7.8.3 Your e-mail address 7.8.4 An e-mail account for you 7.8.5 How to send an e-mail? 7.8.6 Security with e-mail 7.8.7 Other e-mail Services 7.9 File Transfer - 8 - 7.9.1 FTP data transfer 7.9.2 FTP demerits 7.10 Bulletin Board System (BBS) 7.11 Introduction to Intranet and Extranet 7.11.1 Setting up Intranet 7.11.2 Advantages of Intranet 7.11.3 Disadvantages 7.11.4 Extranet 7.12 HTML 7.12.1 Structure of a HTML document 7.12.2 Steps for creation of first HTML file 7.12.3 Parts of an HTML document 7.12.4 HTML output 7.12.5 Widely Used HTML tags 7.12.5.1 Title Tag 7.12.5.2 Paragraph tag 7.12.5.3 Bold, Italic and Underline 7.12.5.4 Starting a new line 7.12.5.5 Inserting a horizontal Line 7.12.5.6 Linking to other page 7.12.5.7 Inserting Images 7.12.5.8 Creating Tables 7.12.5.9 Listing Tags 7.12.5.10 Marquee tag 7.12.6 HTML vs. XHTML Lesson 8: Multimedia 8.1 Multimedia - definition - 9 - 8.2 Components of multimedia 8.2.1 Text 8.2.2 Graphics 8.2.2.1 Gif format 8.2.2.2 Joint photographic expert group (jpeg) 8.2.3 Animation 8.2.4 Audio 8.2.5 Video 8.3 Multimedia requirements 8.4 Multimedia applications 8.4.1 Education 8.4.2 Telemedicine 8.4.3 Entertainment industry 8.4.4 Virtual reality 8.5 Multimedia – challenges UNIT V Lesson 9: Object Oriented Systems 9.1 History of Object Oriented Systems 9.2 Object Oriented Vs Object based languages 9.3 Object Oriented programming concepts 9.3.1 Objects 9.3.2 Classes 9.3.3 Encapsulation 9.3.4 Inheritance 9.3.4.1 Single level inheritance or simple inheritance 9.3.4.2 Multi level inheritance 9.3.4.3 Hierarchical inheritance 9.3.4.4 Multiple inheritance - 10 - 9.3.4.5 Hybrid Inheritance 9.3.5 Polymorphism 9.3.6 Instance 9.3.7 Access Modifiers 9.3.8 Constructors 9.3.9 Destructors 9.3.10 Abstract Classes 9.3.11 Static members 9.3.12 Friend functions 9.4 Object Oriented Database Management Systems 9.5 Object oriented design process 9.6 Advantages of Object Oriented Systems over traditional systems 9.7 Issues with Object oriented systems Lesson 10 Enterprise Computing and Mobile Computing 10.1 Enterprise Resource Planning 10.1.1 What does ERP means? 10.1.2 ERP and various departments of the organization 10.1.3 Why ERP? 10.1.4 What ERP is not? 10.1.5 ERP is costlier 10.1.6 ERP activities or steps 10.1.7 Extending ERP 10.1.8 ERP critical factors 10.1.9 ERP advantages and disadvantages 10.2 Mobile Computing 10.2.1 Major components 10.2.1.1 Mobile devices 10.2.1.2 Wireless networks - 11 - 10.2.2 Cellular network 10.2.2.1 Technologies associated with Mobile networks 10.2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of Mobile computing Lesson 1: Introduction to Information Technology Introduction Information technology has made tremendous impacts in the day today life of every human being.