Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7032 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Germany Madhu Sudan Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany Lora Aroyo Chris Welty Harith Alani Jamie Taylor Abraham Bernstein Lalana Kagal Natasha Noy Eva Blomqvist (Eds.) The Semantic Web – ISWC 2011 10th International Semantic Web Conference Bonn, Germany, October 23-27, 2011 Proceedings, Part II 13 Volume Editors Lora Aroyo VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] Chris Welty IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA; [email protected] Harith Alani The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; [email protected] Jamie Taylor Google, Mountain View, CA, USA; [email protected] Abraham Bernstein University of Zurich, Switzerland; Bernstein@ifi.uzh.ch Lalana Kagal Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; [email protected] Natasha Noy Stanford University, CA, USA; [email protected] Eva Blomqvist Linköping University, Sweden; [email protected] ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349 ISBN 978-3-642-25092-7 e-ISBN 978-3-642-25093-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-25093-4 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011939851 CR Subject Classification (1998): C.2, H.4, H.3, H.5, J.1, K.4 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 3 – Information Systems and Application, incl. 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Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Ten years ago, several researchers decided to organize a workshop to bring together an emerging community of scientists who were working on adding machine-readable semantics to the Web, the Semantic Web. The organizers were originally planning for a few dozen researchers to show up. When 200 of them came to Stanford in August 2001, the Semantic Web Workshop became the Semantic Web Working Symposium, and the International Semantic Web Con- ference (ISWC) was born. Much has changed in the ten years since that meeting. The Semantic Web has become a well-recognized research field in its own right, and ISWC is a premier international research conference today. It brings to- gether researchers, practitioners, and users in artificial intelligence, databases, social networks, distributed computing, Web engineering, information systems, human–computer interaction, natural-language processing, and others. Compa- nies from Facebook to Google to the New York Times rely on Semantic Web technologies to link and organize their data; governments in the United States, United Kingdom, and other countries open up their data by making it accessible to Semantic Web tools; scientists in many domains, from biology, to medicine, to oceanography and environmental sciences, view machine-processable semantics as key to sharing their knowledge in today’s data-intensive scientific enterprise; semantic technology trade shows attract more than a thousand attendees. The focus of Semantic Web research has moved from issues of representing data on the Web and the growing pains of figuring out a common format to share it, to such challenges as handling billions of statements in a scalable way to making all this data accessible and usable to regular citizens. This volume contains the main proceedings of the 10th International Seman- tic Web Conference (ISWC 2011), which was held in Bonn, Germany, in October 2011. We received tremendous response to our calls for papers from a truly inter- national community of researchers and practitioners. Indeed, every track of the conference received a record number of submissions this year. The careful nature of the review process, and the breadth and scope of the papers finally selected for inclusion in this volume, speak to the quality of the conference and to the contributions made by researchers whose work is presented in these proceedings. The Research Track of the conference attracted 264 submissions. Each paper received at least three, and sometimes as many as five, reviews from members of the Program Committee. After the first round of reviews, authors had the oppor- tunity to submit a rebuttal, leading to further discussions among the reviewers, a meta-review and a recommendation from a member of the Senior Program Committee. Every paper that had at least one recommendation for acceptance was discussed in a virtual meeting of the Senior Program Committee. As the Semantic Web develops, we find a changing variety of subjects that emerge. This year the keywords of accepted papers were distributed as follows VI Preface (frequency in parentheses): ontologies and semantics (15), database, IR, and AI technologies for the Semantic Web (14), management of Semantic Web data (11), reasoning over Semantic Web data (11), search, query, integration, and analysis on the Semantic Web (10), robust and scalable knowledge management and reasoning on the Web (10), interacting with Semantic Web data (9), on- tology modularity, mapping, merging, and alignment (8), languages, tools, and methodologies for representing and managing Semantic Web data (8), ontol- ogy methodology, evaluation, reuse, extraction, and evolution (7), evaluation of Semantic Web technologies or data (7), specific ontologies and ontology patterns for the Semantic Web (6), new formalisms for the Semantic Web (4), user inter- faces to the Semantic Web (3), cleaning, assurance, and provenance of Semantic Web data, services, and processes (3), social Semantic Web (3), evaluation of Se- mantic Web technology (3), Semantic Web population from the human Web (3). Overall, the ISWC Program Committee members adopted strict standards for what constitutes high-quality Semantic Web research and what papers must deliver in terms of theory, practice, and evaluation in order to be accepted to the Research Track. Correspondingly, the Program Committee accepted only 50 papers, 19% of the submissions. The Semantic Web In-Use Track received 75 submissions. At least three mem- bers of the In-Use Program Committee provided reviews for each paper. Sev- enteen papers were accepted – a 23% acceptance rate. The large number of submissions this year demonstrated the increasingly diverse breadth of applica- tions of Semantic Web technologies in practice. Papers demonstrated how seman- tic technologies could be used to drive a variety of simulation and test systems, manage distributed content and operate within embedded devices. Several pa- pers tapped the growing amount of semantically enriched environmental data available on the Web allowing communities to visualize, organize, and monitor collections for specific purposes. The Doctoral Consortium has become a key event at the conference over the years. PhD students get an opportunity to present their thesis proposals and to get detailed feedback on their research topics and plans from the leading academic and industrial scientists in the field. Out of 31 submissions to the Doctoral Consortium, 6 were accepted as long papers for presentation at the conference, and 9 were accepted for presentation at the special Consortium- only poster session. Each student was assigned a mentor who led the discussion following the presentation of their proposal, and provided extensive feedback and comments. A unique aspect of the ISWC conference is the Semantic Web Challenge. In this competition, the ninth to be held at the conference, practitioners and scientists showcase useful and leading-edge applications of Semantic Web tech- nology. Diana Maynard and Chris Bizer organized the Semantic Web Challenge this year. The keynote talks given by leading scientists in the field further enriched the ISWC program. Alex (Sandy) Pentland, the director of the Human Dynamics Laboratory and the Media Lab Entrepreneurship Program at the Massachusetts Preface VII Institute of